Abstract
Aim
To investigate the oral healthcare practices and knowledge of parents and nannies in Kuwait.
Methods
A cross-sectional interview-based survey was carried out on parents and nannies to explore their demographics, oral health care practices and knowledge. Independent t-test was used to assess differences in practice and knowledge between parents and nannies. Multiple linear regression compared practice and knowledge of parents and nannies, adjusting for age, time spent in childcare, national origin, education, governorate of residence and number of other children in the household.
Results
Three-hundred caregivers were interviewed, parents (N = 146, 49%) and nannies (N = 154, 51%). Parents had a higher mean practice score (parents 3.25, nannies 2.69, p < 0.001), but a similar knowledge score to nannies (parents 38.0, nannies 37.6, p > 0.48). Governorate of residence predicted lower practice scores for parents residing north of the Kuwaiti capital compared to those residing elsewhere (β = − 0.571, p < 0.05). Education weakly predicted lower practice scores for nannies beyond high school, but better scores for parents with a college degree. Education also predicted higher knowledge scores among nannies with college degrees (β = 2.249, p = 0.06), but for the lower knowledge scores (β = − 3.693, p = 0.08) among parents with college degrees.
Conclusion
Caregivers’ oral health practices and knowledge scores were good. However, nannies had poorer child oral healthcare practices. Results highlight the need to involve nannies in child oral healthcare education.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adair PM, Burnside G, Pine CM. Analysis of health behaviour change interventions for preventing dental caries delivered in primary schools. Caries Res. 2013;47(Suppl 1):2–12.
Albino J, Tiwari T. Preventing childhood caries: a review of recent behavioral research. J Dent Res. 2016;95(1):35–42.
Al-Mutawa SA, Shyama M, Al-Duwairi Y, et al. Dental caries experience of Kuwaiti schoolchildren. Community Dent Health. 2006;23(1):31–6.
Al-Mutawa SA, Shyama M, Al-Duwairi Y, et al. Dental caries experience of Kuwaiti kindergarten schoolchildren. Community Dent Health. 2010;27(4):213–7.
Al-Sane M, Bourisly N, Almulla T, et al. Laypeoples’ preferred sources of health information on the emergency management of tooth avulsion. Dent Traumatol. 2011;27(6):432–7.
Alsumait A, ElSalhy M, Raine K, et al. Impact of dental health on children’s oral health-related quality of life: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0283-8.
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and American Academy of Pediatrics. Policy on early childhood caries (ECC): classifications, consequences, and preventive strategies. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30(7 Suppl):40–3.
Ashkanani F, Al-Sane M. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of caregivers in relation to oral health of preschool children. Med Princ Pract. 2013;22(2):167–72.
Brand JE, Davis D. The impact of college education on fertility: evidence for heterogeneous effects. Demography. 2011;48(3):863–87.
Brennan DS, Spencer AJ. Income-based life-course models of caries in 30-year-old Australian adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015;43(3):262–71.
Clifford H, Johnson NW, Brown C, et al. When can oral health education begin? Relative effectiveness of three oral health education strategies starting pre-partum. Community Dent Health. 2012;29(2):162–7.
Cogulu D, Ersin NK, Uzel A, et al. A long-term effect of caries-related factors in initially caries-free children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18(5):361–7.
De Jong-Lenters M, Duijster D, Bruist MA, et al. The relationship between parenting, family interaction and childhood dental caries: a case-control study. Soc Sci Med. 2014;116:49–55.
Djemal S, Singh P. Smartphones and dental trauma: the current availability of apps for managing traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol. 2016;32(1):52–7.
Duijster D, Verrips GH, Van Loveren C. The role of family functioning in childhood dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2014;42(3):193–205.
Elfrink ME, Schuller AA, Veerkamp JS, et al. Factors increasing the caries risk of second primary molars in 5-year-old Dutch children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20(2):151–7.
Ersin NK, Eronat N, Cogulu D, et al. Association of maternal-child characteristics as a factor in early childhood caries and salivary bacterial counts. J Dent Child (Chic). 2006;73(2):105–11.
Finucane D. Rationale for restoration of carious primary teeth: a review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2012;13(6):281–92.
Fisher-Owens SA, Gansky SA, Platt LJ, et al. Influences on children’s oral health: a conceptual model. Pediatrics. 2007;120(3):e510-20.
Hooley M, Skouteris H, Boganin C, et al. Parental influence and the development of dental caries in children aged 0–6 years: a systematic review of the literature. J Dent. 2012;40(11):873–85.
International Labour Office. Domestic workers across the world: global and regional statistics and the extent of legal protection. http://www.ilo.org/travail/Whatsnew/WCMS_173363/lang--en/index.htm. 1st July 2013.
Kassebaum NJ, Bernabe E, Dahiya M, et al. Global burden of untreated caries: a systematic review and metaregression. J Dent Res. 2015;94(5):650–8.
Kay EJ, Locker D. Is dental health education effective? A systematic review of current evidence. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996;24(4):231–5.
Kay E, Locker D. A systematic review of the effectiveness of health promotion aimed at improving oral health. Community Dent Health. 1998;15(3):132–44.
Laaksonen M, Rahkonen O, Karvonen S, et al. Socioeconomic status and smoking: analysing inequalities with multiple indicators. Eur J Public Health. 2005;15(3):262–9.
Laranjo L, Arguel A, Neves AL, et al. The influence of social networking sites on health behavior change: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2015;22(1):243–56.
Leong PM, Gussy MG, Barrow SY, et al. A systematic review of risk factors during first year of life for early childhood caries. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23(4):235–50.
Litt MD, Reisine S, Tinanoff N. Multidimensional causal model of dental caries development in low-income preschool children. Public Health Rep. 1995;110(5):607–17.
Maciel SM, Marcenes W, Watt RG, et al. The relationship between sweetness preference and dental caries in mother/child pairs from Maringa-Pr, Brazil. Int Dent J. 2001;51(2):83–8.
Morris RE, Gillespie GM, Al Za’abi F, et al. Aggressive strategic planning for oral health in Kuwait: a decade of post-war successes. East Mediterr Health J. 2008;14(1):216–27.
Peres MA, Peres KG, Thomson WM, et al. The influence of family income trajectories from birth to adulthood on adult oral health: findings from the 1982 Pelotas birth cohort. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(4):730–6.
Petersen PE. Challenges to improvement of oral health in the 21st century-the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Int Dent J. 2004;54(6 Suppl 1):329–43.
Scheftel S. Why aren’t we curious about nannies? Psychoanal Study Child. 2012;66:251–78.
Schwendicke F, Dorfer CE, Schlattmann P, et al. Socioeconomic inequality and caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015;94(1):10–8.
Shah NM, Badr HE, Yount K, et al. Decline in co-residence of parents and children among older Kuwaiti men and women: what are the significant correlates? J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2011;26(2):157–74.
Thomson WM, Poulton R, Milne BJ, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2004;32(5):345–53.
Tinanoff N, Palmer CA. Dietary determinants of dental caries and dietary recommendations for preschool children. J Public Health Dent. 2000;60(3):197–206 (discussion 207–9).
Vann WF Jr, Lee JY, Baker D, et al. Oral health literacy among female caregivers: impact on oral health outcomes in early childhood. J Dent Res. 2010;89(12):1395–400.
Ventura AK, Worobey J. Early influences on the development of food preferences. Curr Biol. 2013;23(9):R401–8.
Vigild M, Skougaard M, Hadi RA, et al. Dental caries and dental fluorosis among 4-, 6-, 12- and 15-year-old children in kindergartens and public schools in Kuwait. Community Dent Health. 1996;13(1):47–50.
Watt RG. Emerging theories into the social determinants of health: implications for oral health promotion. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2002;30(4):241–7.
Wigen TI, Wang NJ. Caries and background factors in Norwegian and immigrant 5-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2010;38(1):19–28.
Wimble M. Understanding health and health-related behavior of users of internet health information. Telemed J E Health. 2016;22(10):809–15.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported and funded by Kuwait University, Research Project No. (DR04/13.)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Alkhubaizi, Q., Moule, A., Al-Sane, M. et al. Oral health practices and knowledge among parents and hired caregivers. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 19, 403–410 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0372-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-018-0372-6