Abstract
Aim
To report on the prevalence, defect characteristics, and distribution of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India and to report on possible association, if any, between HSPM and molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH).
Methods
A cross-sectional survey included a random sample of 978, 6–8-year-old school children. EAPD diagnostic criteria for scoring MIH defects on first permanent molars (FPM) were adapted and used to score hypomineralisation defects in both FPM and second primary molars (SPM) by a single calibrated examiner. Comparative statistics for HSPM versus hypomineralised FPM were computed using a Chi square test. An odds ratio (OR) at 95 % confidence interval (CI) was used to test and any association between HSPM and MIH.
Results
An overall prevalence of 5.6 % (55/978) was reported for HSPM in the study population. Prevalence of MIH as hypomineralised FPM was 7.4 % (72/978). Concomitant presence of HSPM and MIH was observed in 32.73 % (18/55) of affected subjects. The presence of HSPM had significantly higher odds ratio for development of MIH (OR 7.82; 95 % CI = 4.18–14.65; p < 0.001). A greater severity of defects was observed in HSPM compared with affected FPM as greater number of affected surfaces presented with post-eruptive breakdown (PEB) in former compared to latter (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The prevalence of HSPM in 6–8-year-old Indian children was 5.6 %. The severity of hypomineralisation was milder in FPM compared to SPM. The presence of HSPM was reported to have significantly higher odds for development of MIH in future.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Butler PM. Comparison of the development of the second deciduous molar and the first permanent molar in man. Arch Oral Biol. 1967;12:1245–60.
Census of India 2011. http://censusindia.gov.in/PopulationFinder [Last accessed on 21st April 2014].
Chaves AMB, Rosenblatt A, Oliveira OFB. Enamel defects and its relation to life course events in primary dentition of Brazilian children: a longitudinal study. Community Dent Health. 2007;24:31–6.
Elfrink ME, Schuller AA, Weerheijm KL, et al. Hypomineralised second primary molars: prevalence data in Dutch 5-year-olds. Caries Res. 2008;42:282–5.
Elfrink MEC, Veerkamp JSJ, Aartman IHA, et al. Validity of scoring caries and primary molar hypomineralisation (HSPM) on intraoral photographs. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2009;10:5–10.
Elfrink ME, ten Cate JM, Jadoe VW, et al. Deciduous molar hypomineralisation and molar incisor hypomineralisation. J Dent Res. 2012;91:551–5.
Elfrink MEC, Moll HA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, et al. Pre- and postnatal determinants of deciduous molar hypomineralisation in 6-year-old children. The Generation R Study. PLoS One. 2014;9:e91057.
Fargell TG, Salmon P, Melin L, Noren JG. Onset of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Swed Dent J. 2013;3:61–70.
Farsi N. Developmental enamel defects and their association with dental caries in preschoolers in Jeddah Saudi Arabia. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2010;8:85–92.
Ghanim A, Morgan M, Marinõ R, et al. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and defect characteristics in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2011;21:413–21.
Ghanim A, Manton D, Marinõ R, et al. Prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation defects in second primary molars in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23:48–55.
Jälevik B, Norén JG. Enamel hypomineralisation of permanent first molars: a morphological study and survey of possible aetiological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000;10:278–89.
Kanchanakamol U, Tuongratanaphan S, Tuongratanaphan S, et al. Prevalence of developmental enamel defects and dental caries in rural pre-school Thai children. Community Dent Health. 1996;13:204–7.
Kühnisch J, Heitmüller D, Thiering E, et al. Proportion and extent of manifestation of molar-incisor hypomineralisations according to different phenotypes. J Public Health Dent. 2014;74:42–9.
Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159–74.
Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of chinese children 3-5 years old. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995;23:72–9.
Lunardelli SE, Peres MA. Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition of pre-school children. Braz Oral Res. 2005;19:144–9.
Lygidakis NA. Treatment modalities in children with teeth affected by molar-incisor enamel hypomineralisation (MIH): a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11:65–74.
Lygidakis NA, Wong F, Jälevik B, et al. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with children presenting with Molar-Incisor-Hypomineralisation (MIH): an EAPD Policy Document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11:75–81.
McDonald RE, Avery DR. Development and morphology of the primary teeth. In: McDonald RE, Avery DR, editors. Dentistry for the child and adolescent. 8th ed. St. Louis: The C.V. Mosby Co.; 2004. p. 53.
Mittal NP, Goyal A, Gauba K, et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and clinical presentation in school children of the northern region of India. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2014;15:11–8.
Montero MJ, Douglass JM, Mathieu GM. Prevalence of dental caries and enamel defects in Connecticut head start children. Pediatr Dent. 2003;25:235–9.
Nation WA, Matsson L, Peterson JE. Developmental enamel defects of the primary dentition in a group of Californian children. J Dent Child. 1987;54:330–4.
Parikh DR, Ganesh M, Bhaskar V. Prevalence and characteristics of Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in the child population residing in Gandhinagar, Gujarat India. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:21–6.
Rugg-Gunn AJ, Al-Mohammadi SM, Butler TJ. Malnutrition and developmental defects of enamel in 2- to 6-year-old Saudi boys. Caries Res. 1998;32:181–92.
Seow WK, Amaratunge A, Bennett R, et al. Dental health of aboriginal pre-school children in Brisbane Australia. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1996;24:187–90.
Slayton RL, Warren JJ, Kanellis MJ, et al. Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and isolated opacities in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 2001;23:32–6.
Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4:114–20.
Weeks KJ, Milsom KM, Lennon MA. Enamel defects in 4-to-5 year-old children in fluoridated and non-fluoridated parts of Cheshire UK. Caries Res. 1993;27:317–20.
William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: review and recommendations for clinical management. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28:224–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mittal, N., Sharma, B.B. Hypomineralised second primary molars: prevalence, defect characteristics and possible association with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation in Indian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 16, 441–447 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-015-0190-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-015-0190-z