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A Real-Time Synchronized Harmonic Phasor Measurements-Based Fault Location Method for Transmission Lines

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Abstract

In this paper, a real-time synchronized harmonic phasor measurements-based fault location (RT-SHPM-FL) method for transmission lines is proposed. At transmission line protection center (TPC), the synchronized harmonic phasor measurements are obtained from all phasor measurement units (PMU) deployed in a power system. At each bus, the PMU estimates time-tagged 100 and 150 Hz phasors of 3-ɸ current signals in addition to fundamental phasor (50 Hz). The proposed RT-SHPM-FL method detects and locates a fault using the magnitude of 100 and 150 Hz phasors of 3-ɸ currents and equivalent harmonic phasors (EHPs), respectively. These EHPs are calculated from the magnitude of time-tagged 50, 100 and 150 Hz three-phase current phasors. For estimating the fault distance, the RT-SHPM-FL method has employed support vector regression (SVR), because of its mimicking nature, generalization and robustness. The functioning of the proposed fault location method has been validated in real-time on a scaled-down laboratory model of 400 kV extra high voltage (EHV) transmission line of 400 km long. The experimental results and discussions show that the proposed method locates transmission line faults accurately. Further, a comparative study of the proposed fault location method using SVR and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system has revealed that the former one is more reliable in fault location than the latter one since the error is within ± 1%.

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Abbreviations

RT-SHPM-FL:

Real-time synchronized harmonic phasor measurements-based fault location

LabVIEW:

Laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench

NI cRIO:

National instruments compact reconfigurable input/output embedded controller

SVR-FL:

Support vector regression fault location

ANN:

Artificial neural network

ANFIS:

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system

x(t):

Analog voltage or current signal

\( x\left( {n\Delta T} \right) \) :

Sampled version of x(t)

\( \Delta T \) :

Sampling time in seconds

T :

Nominal time in seconds

f o :

Nominal frequency (Hz)

N :

Number of samples per cycle

n :

Sample number starting (0 to N − 1)

h = 1:

Fundamental frequency phasor of line current

h = 2:

Second-order harmonic phasor of line current

h = 3:

Third-order harmonic phasor of line current

\( \left\langle , \right\rangle \) :

Dot product in Rn

C :

Pre-specified value

\( \beta_{i} \) :

Loss functions

\( \gamma_{i} \) :

Slack variables

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), India for financially supporting this work through the sanction order no. CRG/2018/000302 and EMR/2017/001508.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of EEE, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620015, India

    Balimidi Mallikarjuna & Jaya Bharata Reddy Maddikara

  2. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India

    Gopakumar Pathirikkat

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Meghalaya, Shillong, 793003, India

    Diptendu Sinha Roy

Authors
  1. Balimidi Mallikarjuna
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  2. Gopakumar Pathirikkat
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  3. Diptendu Sinha Roy
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  4. Jaya Bharata Reddy Maddikara
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Correspondence to Balimidi Mallikarjuna.

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Mallikarjuna, B., Pathirikkat, G., Sinha Roy, D. et al. A Real-Time Synchronized Harmonic Phasor Measurements-Based Fault Location Method for Transmission Lines. J Control Autom Electr Syst 30, 1082–1093 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40313-019-00500-y

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