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Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged Population (30–59 Years) in Iran: A National Cross-Sectional Study

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Abstract

Introduction

The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is increasing in the middle-aged population, but few studies have examined the prevalence and risk factors associated with hypertension in this age group.

Aim

To estimate the prevalence of HTN and its associated demographic risk factors in the middle-aged population (30–59 years) of Iran.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 4112 middle-aged people from five provinces of the country were selected by multi-stage sampling and entered into the study. HTN or high blood pressure (HBP) was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg. The relationship between demographic risk factors and the prevalence of HTN was assessed by multivariate logistic regression in Stata software version 14.

Results

The prevalence of HTN was 17.8% (95% CI 16.5–19.0) and was higher in women than men (19.1% vs. 16.5%). The prevalence of HTN in three studied age groups including 30–39, 40–49 and 50–59 years were 7.2, 18.7 and 38.0%, respectively. The frequency of HTN in urban residents was higher than rural residents (18.4% vs. 15.6%). The chance of developing hypertension in urban residents (OR 1.25), overweight (OR 3.94) and obese persons (OR 7.54) was higher.

Conclusions

Hypertension has a relatively high prevalence in the middle-aged Iranian population. According to our results, age, living in urban regions, being illiterate, overweight and obesity are independent risk factors for HBP. It seems that the administration of prevention programs in general population especially in younger ages based on existing risk factors is a necessity.

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Availability of Data and Material

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

National Institute for Health Research, Islamic Republic of Iran

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

    Motahareh Allameh

  2. Spiritual Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh

  3. Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran

    Khaled Rahmani

Authors
  1. Motahareh Allameh
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  2. Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
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  3. Khaled Rahmani
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Contributions

MA: data collection and manuscript preparation; RGG: manuscript preparation and study conceptualization; KR: study design; KR and RGG: final revision and grammar editing; KR: statistical analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khaled Rahmani.

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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee of National Institute for Health Research, Islamic Republic of Iran (Ethic code: IR. TUMS.NIHR.REC.1396.59). Written informed consent was received from all the participants.

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Not applicable.

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Allameh, M., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R. & Rahmani, K. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged Population (30–59 Years) in Iran: A National Cross-Sectional Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 29, 75–80 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-021-00490-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-021-00490-6

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