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PAIT-Survey Follow-Up: Changes in Albuminuria in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients with Mild-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease

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A Correction to this article was published on 12 January 2021

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Abstract

Introduction

Albuminuria is an early marker of kidney disease and reduction of albuminuria translates into a decreased occurrence of cardiovascular and renal outcomes.

Aims

To evaluate the changes in the prevalence of albuminuria in diabetic hypertensive patients treated with several combinations of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system with calcium channel blockers.

Methods

We analysed data from 668 unselected patients from the PAIT survey (mean age 60.4 ± 10.2 years, prevalence of males 38%), with and without albuminuria, maintained for 6 months with the previous treatment with amlodipine-valsartan, amlodipine perindopril, lercanidipine-enalapril, verapamil-trandolapril, nitrendipine-enalapril and felodipine-ramipril Albuminuria was assessed, as urinary albumin–creatinine ratio, using a Multistic-Clinitek device analyzer. Microalbuminuria was defined as a loss of 3.4–33.9 mg albumin/mmol creatinine (30–300 mg/g) and macroalbuminuria as a loss of > 33.9 mg albumin/mmol creatinine (> 300 mg/g). Blood pressure was measured with a validated digital device.

Results

At baseline, albuminuria was present in 310 subjects (46.4%) (microalbuminuria in 263 (84.8%), macroalbuminuria in 15.2%), and normoalbuminuria in 53.6% 358. After 6 months, the prevalence of subjects with albuminuria was significantly lowered (p < 0.01) by 23.5% (microalbuminuria − 23.9%, p < 0.01 and macroalbuminuria − 21.3%). The prevalence of subjects with microalbuminuria was reduced with all treatments: amlodipine-valsartan − 15.6%, amlodipine-perindopril − 11.8%, lercanidipine-enalapril − 41.3% and verapamil-trandolapril − 19.2%. Data with nitrendipine-enalapril and felodipine-ramipril were not analyzed, due to the low number of patients. The frequency of patients with normoalbuminuria was significantly higher (p < 0.01) with lercanidipine-enalapril compared with any other treatment. Blood pressure was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced, with a similar effect between treatments.

Conclusions

The treatments decrease the prevalence of subjects with albuminuria, showing a significant difference among the different drug combinations, favoring the use of new dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, such as lercanidipine, combined with RAAS inhibitors, to control albuminuria in diabetic hypertensive patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Catedra de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain

    Francesco Fici & Nicolás Roberto Robles

  2. Department of Nephrology, Bahcesehir University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Elif Ari Bakir

  3. Kelkit State Hospital, Gumushane, Turkey

    Elif Ilkay Yüce

  4. Family Health Center, Defne-Hatay, Turkey

    Serdal Kanuncu

  5. Clinical Research Facilities International B.V, Schaijk, The Netherlands

    Wim Makel

  6. Kartal Research and Education Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey

    Bahar Arican Tarim

  7. Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain

    Nicolás Roberto Robles

  8. Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Hospital Infanta Cristina, Carretera de Portugal s/n, 06080, Badajoz, Spain

    Nicolás Roberto Robles

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  1. Francesco Fici
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Correspondence to Nicolás Roberto Robles.

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Fici, F., Ari Bakir, E., Ilkay Yüce, E. et al. PAIT-Survey Follow-Up: Changes in Albuminuria in Hypertensive Diabetic Patients with Mild-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 27, 43–49 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00358-1

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