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Unwinding Helicase MCM Functionality for Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Replication Abnormalities Associated with Cancer: A Review

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Abstract

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein is a component of an active helicase that is essential for the initiation of DNA replication. Dysregulation of MCM functions contribute to abnormal cell proliferation and genomic instability. The interactions of MCM with cellular factors, including Cdc45 and GINS, determine the formation of active helicase and functioning of helicase. The functioning of MCM determines the fate of DNA replication and, thus, genomic integrity. This complex is upregulated in precancerous cells and can act as an important tool for diagnostic applications. The MCM protein complex can be an important broad-spectrum therapeutic target in various cancers. Investigations have supported the potential and applications of MCM in cancer diagnosis and its therapeutics. In this article, we discuss the physiological roles of MCM and its associated factors in DNA replication and cancer pathogenesis.

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Acknowledgments

A.R. and R.S. and acknowledge INSPIRE-Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India for INSPIRE faculty fellowship (IFA16LSBM184) during the work. R.S. acknowledges Dr. Girish Sharma, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida for guidance and support during manuscript preparation. R.S. is thankful to Prof. Rakesh Sharma, Senior Principal Scientist, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology for the support and guidance during the work.

Funding

No funding was received.

Conflicts of Interest

All authors, Arathi Radhakrishnan, Ritwik Gangopadhyay, Dr. Chandresh Sharma, Dr. Raj Kishor Kapardar, Dr. Nilesh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Rajpal Srivastav, declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.

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Author Contributions

Ms. Arathi Radhakrishnan: methodology, writing—review and editing, and resources. Mr. Ritwik Gangopadhyay: methodology and resources. Dr. Chandresh Sharma: methodology and resources. Dr. Raj Kishor Kapardar: methodology and resources. Dr. Nilesh Sharma: formal analysis, investigation and methodology. Dr. Rajpal Srivastav: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, resources, validation, and writing—original draft, review, and editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Arathi Radhakrishnan, Ritwik Gangopadhyay & Rajpal Srivastav

  2. Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India

    Chandresh Sharma

  3. The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India

    Raj Kishor Kapardar

  4. Cancer and Translational Research Lab, Dr. DY Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India

    Nilesh Kumar Sharma

  5. Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, New Delhi, India

    Rajpal Srivastav

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  1. Arathi Radhakrishnan
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Radhakrishnan, A., Gangopadhyay, R., Sharma, C. et al. Unwinding Helicase MCM Functionality for Diagnosis and Therapeutics of Replication Abnormalities Associated with Cancer: A Review. Mol Diagn Ther (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40291-024-00701-5

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