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Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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Abstract

Background

Even from a young age, modern soccer requires high levels of physical fitness development, particularly jumping and sprinting. Plyometric jump training (PJT), combined with young athletes’ regular soccer sessions, has the potential to improve jumping and sprinting. However, studies exploring the effects of PJT are generally limited by small sample sizes. This problem of underpowered studies may, thus, be resolved by pooling study results in a meta-analysis.

Objective

The objective of this systematic review with meta-analysis (SRMA) was to assess the effects of plyometric jump training (PJT) on jumping and sprinting among young male soccer players.

Methods

The SRMA included peer-reviewed articles that incorporated PJT in healthy players (i.e., < 23 years of age), a control group, and a measure of jumping or sprinting. Means and standard deviations of outcomes were converted to Hedges’ g effect sizes (ES), using the inverse variance random-effects model. Moderator analyses were conducted for PJT duration, frequency, total number of sessions, participants’ chronological age, and FIFA age categories (i.e., U-17 vs. U-20 vs. U-23). A multivariate random-effects meta-regression was also conducted.

Results

Thirty-three studies were included, comprising 1499 participants. PJT improved vertical jump tests (ES = 0.60–0.98; all p < 0.01) and linear sprint performance (ES = 0.60–0.98; p < 0.03). Interventions of > 7 weeks and > 14 PJT sessions induced greater effects compared to PJT with ≤ 7 weeks and ≤ 14 total sessions on 10-m sprint performance (between group p = 0.038).

Conclusion

PJT is effective in improving jumping and sprinting performance among young male soccer players. Greater 10-m linear sprinting improvements were noted after interventions > 7-week duration and > 14 sessions, suggesting a greater return from exposure to longer PJT interventions, partially in support for the adoption of a long-term approach to athletic development in young athletes. However, with reference to the findings of the meta-regression, and those from the remaining subgroup and single factors analysis, a robust confirmation regarding the moderator role of participant’s age or PJT configuration effects on young soccer player’s fitness qualities needed.

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Data Availability Statement

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current review are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Performance Laboratory, Quality of Life and Wellness Research Group, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile

    Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo

  2. Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile

    Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo

  3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I, Burgos, Spain

    Daniel Castillo & Javier Raya-González

  4. School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

    Jason Moran

  5. Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Physical Performance and Sports Research Center, Seville, Spain

    Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal

  6. Youth Physical Development Centre, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK

    Rhodri S. Lloyd

  7. Sport Performance Research Institute, New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand

    Rhodri S. Lloyd

  8. Centre for Sport Science and Human Performance, Waikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton, New Zealand

    Rhodri S. Lloyd

Authors
  1. Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
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  2. Daniel Castillo
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  3. Javier Raya-González
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  4. Jason Moran
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  5. Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal
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  6. Rhodri S. Lloyd
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo.

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Conflicts of interest

Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Daniel Castillo, Javier Raya-González, Jason Moran, Eduardo Sáez de Villarreal and Rhodri Lloyd declare that they have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this review.

Authorship Contributions

RRC, DC and JRG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. RRC, DC and JRG collected data. RRC and JM analyzed and interpreted the data. ESV and RD revised the original manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Ramirez-Campillo, R., Castillo, D., Raya-González, J. et al. Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 50, 2125–2143 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01337-1

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