Notes
Opioids included codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, levorphanol, meperidine, oxycodone, oxymorphone, morphine and pentazocine.
A morphine equivalent dose (MED) was calculated and classified into three groups: 1−50 mg/day, 51−100 mg/day, and >100 mg/day of analgesic.
Reference
Scherrer JF, et al. Prescription Opioid Duration, Dose, and Increased Risk of Depression in 3 Large Patient Populations. Annals of Family Medicine 14: 54-62, No. 1, 22 Jan 2016. Available from: URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1370/afm.1885
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New-onset depression linked to prolonged opioid use, not dose. Reactions Weekly 1586, 11 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40278-016-14038-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40278-016-14038-x