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Pharmacological Management of Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children

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Abstract

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) are under-recognized sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Several recent epidemiological studies have shown that RLS and PLMD are common in the pediatric population, and if left untreated, may lead to cardiovascular and neurocognitive consequences. Therefore, early diagnosis and intervention may help preventing long-term consequences. The management of RLS and PLMD in children involves both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches. Although there is emerging literature supporting medical therapy in children with RLS and PLMD, the overall experiences with these medications remain limited. Most children and adolescents with RLS and PLMD have low iron storage; therefore, iron therapy should be considered as the first line of treatment in children. Currently, there is no FDA-approved medication for RLS and PLMD in children. There is increasing evidence on the effectiveness of dopaminergic medications in children but the data are quite limited. Other medications such as α2δ-1 ligands, benzodiazepine, and clonidine are frequently used, but have not been adequately investigated in children. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pharmacologic therapy for RLS and PLMD in children.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45219, USA

    Geoffrey Rulong, Thomas Dye & Narong Simakajornboon

  2. Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Geoffrey Rulong & Narong Simakajornboon

  3. Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Thomas Dye

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Correspondence to Narong Simakajornboon.

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Geoffrey Rulong, Thomas Dye and Narong Simakajornboon declared no conflict of interest.

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Rulong, G., Dye, T. & Simakajornboon, N. Pharmacological Management of Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children. Pediatr Drugs 20, 9–17 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40272-017-0262-0

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