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HIV Antiretroviral Treatment and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Transgender Individuals

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Abstract

HIV prevalence is elevated among transgender populations with an estimated 13.7% of transgender adults living with HIV in the USA. In addition, transgender people experience significant disparities in biomedical HIV prevention and treatment. The efficacy of topical microbicides for prevention of HIV acquisition have not been tested among transgender people and may be impacted by hormonal therapies and/or surgeries undertaken by some transgender people to align their anatomy with their gender identity. Low pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uptake and adherence as well as potential drug–hormone interactions impact the efficacy of PrEP among transgender women. Few transgender men have been engaged in the PrEP continuum, and they have been largely excluded from PrEP research until very recently. Prioritisation of hormone therapy over HIV treatment as well as concerns about drug–hormone interactions may impact transgender women’s adherence to antiretroviral therapy. More research is needed to clarify the clinical significance of identified drug–hormone interactions and better inform interventions to improve HIV prevention and care for transgender people.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7240, USA

    Tonia C. Poteat

  2. Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Asa Radix

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Correspondence to Tonia C. Poteat.

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Dr Poteat received salary support for this research from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), an NIH funded program P30AI050410.

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Dr Poteat has served on an advisory board for Gilead Sciences and received research grants to her institution from Gilead Sciences and ViiV Healthcare. Dr Radix declares no conflicts of interest.

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Poteat, T.C., Radix, A. HIV Antiretroviral Treatment and Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Transgender Individuals. Drugs 80, 965–972 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-020-01313-z

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