Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Drug-Related Problems in Hospitalised Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

  • Systematic Review
  • Published:
Drug Safety Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the leading causes of mortality. Impaired renal function makes CKD patients vulnerable to drug-related problems (DRPs).

Aim

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence and nature of DRPs among hospital in-patients with CKD.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was conducted using Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science (Core Collection), CINAHL plus (EBSCO), Cochrane Library (Wiley), Scopus (ELSEVIER) and PubMed (U.S.NLM) from index inception to January 2020. Studies investigating DRPs in hospitalised CKD patients published in the English language were included. Two independent reviewers extracted the data and undertook quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool.

Results

A total of 2895 unique titles were identified; with 20 meeting the inclusion criteria. DRPs prevalence in CKD was reported between 12 and 87%. The most common DRPs included ineffective treatment, inappropriate drug choice and dosing problems. Antibiotics, H2-antihistamines and oral antidiabetics (metformin) were common drug classes involved in DRPs. Factors associated with DRPs included severity of CKD, the number of medications taken, age, length of hospital stay, and gender.

Conclusion

This systematic review provides evidence that DRPs are a frequent occurrence and burden for hospitalised patients with stage 1–4 CKD. Heterogeneity in study design, case detection and definitions are common, and future studies should use clearer definitions and study designs.

Protocol Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42018096364

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Levin A, Stevens PE, Bilous RW, Coresh J, De Francisco ALM, De Jong PE, et al. Kidney disease: Improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Inter 2013;3(1):1–150. https://doi.org/10.1038/kisup.2012.73.

  2. Berns J. Patient education: Chronic kidney disease (Beyond the Basics). In: UpToDate, Curhan GC and Motwani S (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA. Accessed 4 May 2021.

  3. Cao H. Medication in Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Yang J, He W (eds). Chronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2020. p. 187–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9131-7_15.

  4. Pannu N, Nadim MK. An overview of drug-induced acute kidney injury. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(4):S216–23. https://doi.org/10.0473/CCM.0b013e318168e375.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Kerr M, Bray B, Medcalf J, O’Donoghue DJ, Matthews B. Estimating the financial cost of chronic kidney disease to the NHS in England. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012;27(Suppl 3):iii73–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs269.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet. 2016;388(10053):1459–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O’Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, et al. Global prevalence of chronic kidney disease—a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7): e0158765. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158765.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Public Health England. Chronic kidney disease prevalence model. In: CKD prevalence estimates for local and regional populations Public Health England, London. 2014. https://www.assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/612303/ChronickidneydiseaseCKDprevalencemodelbriefing.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2021.

  9. Adusumilli PK, Adepu R. Drug related problems: an over view of various classification systems. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2014;7(4):7–10.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47(3):533–43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/47.3.533.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Van Mil J, Horvat N, Westerlund T. The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Classification for Drug related problems V9.1. Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe Association, Zuidlaren, p. 10. 2020. https://www.pcne.org/working-groups/2/drug-related-problem-classification. Accessed 6 May 2021.

  12. Leendertse AJ, Egberts AC, Stoker LJ, van den Bemt PM. Frequency of and risk factors for preventable medication-related hospital admissions in the Netherlands. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(17):1890–6. https://doi.org/10.03233/archinternmed.2008.3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Aronson JK, Ferner RE. Clarification of terminology in drug safety. Drug Saf. 2005;28(10):851–70. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200528100-00003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ferner RE, Aronson JK. Clarification of terminology in medication errors. Drug Saf. 2006;29(11):1011–22. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629110-00001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ruths S, Viktil KK, Blix HS. Classification of drug-related problems. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2007;127(23):3073–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wester K, Jonsson AK, Spigset O, Druid H, Hagg S. Incidence of fatal adverse drug reactions: a population based study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2008;65(4):573–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.03064.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rozich JD, Resar RK. Medication safety: one organization’s approach to the challenge. J Clin Outcomes Manag. 2001;8(10):27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Quintana-Bárcena P, Lord A, Lizotte A, Berbiche D, Lalonde L. Prevalence and management of drug-related problems in chronic kidney disease patients by severity level: a subanalysis of a cluster randomized controlled trial in community pharmacies. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2018;24(2):173–81. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2018.24.2.173.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Adibe MO, Igboeli NU, Ukwe CV. Evaluation of drug therapy problems among renal patients receiving care in some tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res. 2017;16(3):697–704. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v16i3.27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Abunahlah N, Elawaisi A, Velibeyoglu FM, Sancar M. Drug related problems identified by clinical pharmacist at the Internal Medicine Ward in Turkey. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40(2):360–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0585-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Breton G, Froissart M, Janus N, Launay-Vacher V, Berr C, Tzourio C, et al. Inappropriate drug use and mortality in community-dwelling elderly with impaired kidney function—the Three-City population-based study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(9):2852–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfq827.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Danial M, Hassali MA, Meng OL, Kin YC, Khan AH. Development of a mortality score to assess risk of adverse drug reactions among hospitalized patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019;20(1):41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-019-0318-6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Nivya K, Kiran VSS, Ragoo N, Jayaprakash B, Sekhar MS. Systemic review on drug related hospital admissions—a pubmed based search. Saudi Pharm J. 2015;23(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.03248/j.jsps.2013.05.006.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Patel NS, Patel TK, Patel PB, Naik VN, Tripathi C. Hospitalizations due to preventable adverse reactions—a systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;73(4):385–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-016-2170-6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Dorks M, Allers K, Schmiemann G, Herget-Rosenthal S, Hoffmann F. Inappropriate medication in non-hospitalized patients with renal insufficiency: a systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(4):853–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14809.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Tesfaye WH, Castelino RL, Wimmer BC, Zaidi STR. Inappropriate prescribing in chronic kidney disease: A systematic review of prevalence, associated clinical outcomes and impact of interventions. Int J Clin Pract. 2017;71:7. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.12960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Munn Z, Moola S, Lisy K, Riitano D, Tufanaru C. Methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies reporting prevalence and cumulative incidence data. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2015;13(3):147–53. https://doi.org/10.0473/XEB.0000000000000054.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015;4:1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-4-1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Alruqayb W, Price M, Paudyal V, Cox A. Drug-related problems in hospitalised patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review protocol. PROSPERO 2018 CRD42018096364. 2018.

  30. Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Munn Z, Moola S, Riitano D, Lisy K. The development of a critical appraisal tool for use in systematic reviews addressing questions of prevalence. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2014;3(3):123. https://doi.org/10.05967/ijhpm.2014.71.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Sheen SS, Choi JE, Park RW, Kim EY, Lee YH, Kang UG. Overdose rate of drugs requiring renal dose adjustment: data analysis of 4 years prescriptions at a tertiary teaching hospital. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;23(4):423–8. https://doi.org/10.03239/s11606-007-0336-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Gomez-Lobon A, Delgado-Sanchez O, Modamio P, Alvarez-Arroyo L, Campoamor-Ladin F, Marino EL. Drug prescribing in patients with impaired renal function: are interventions still needed to improve patient safety? Lat Am J Pharm. 2012;31(2):340–3.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Shigematsu T, Muraoka R, Sugimoto T, Nishizawa Y. Risedronate therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease with osteoporosis: post-hoc analysis of data from the risedronate phase III clinical trials. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-017-0478-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Won H-J, Chung G, Lee KJ, Lee E, Son S, Choi S, et al. Evaluation of medication dosing errors in elderly patients with renal impairment. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;56(8):358. https://doi.org/10.5414/CP203258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Garedow AW, Mulisa Bobasa E, Desalegn Wolide A, Kerga Dibaba F, Gashe Fufa F, Idilu Tufa B, et al. Drug-related problems and associated factors among patients admitted with chronic kidney disease at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma Zone, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based prospective observational study. Int J Nephrol. 2019;2019:9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1504371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Sweileh WM, Janem SA, Sawalha AF, Abu-Taha AS, Zyoud SH, Sabri IA, et al. Medication dosing errors in hospitalized patients with renal impairment: a study in Palestine. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(8):908–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.1412.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Prajapati A, Ganguly B. Appropriateness of drug dose and frequency in patients with renal dysfunction in a tertiary care hospital: a cross-sectional study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013;5(2):136. https://doi.org/10.0167/0975-7406.111829.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Manjula Devi AS, Thomas B, Joseph A, Sravani K. Prospective evaluation of drug prescribing and improvement of drug safety in renal failure patients. Hygeia J D Med. 2014;6(2):25–35. https://doi.org/10.15254/H.J.D.Med.6.2014.133.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Juarez-Cedillo T, Martinez-Hernandez C, Hernandez-Constantino A, Garcia-Cruz JC, et al. Clinical weighting of drug-drug interactions in hospitalized elderly. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2016;118(4):298–305. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12495.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. O’Shaughnessy M, Allen N, O’Regan J, Payne-Danson E, Mentre L, Davin D, et al. Agreement between renal prescribing references and determination of prescribing appropriateness in hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease. QJM-Int J Med. 2017;110(10):623–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcx086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Getachew H, Tadesse Y, Shibeshi W. Drug dosage adjustment in hospitalized patients with renal impairment at Tikur Anbessa specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Nephrol. 2015;16(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-015-0155-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Yang P, Chen N, Wang RR, Li L, Jiang SP. Inappropriateness of medication prescriptions about chronic kidney disease patients without dialysis therapy in a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2016;12:1517–24. https://doi.org/10.0899/TCRM.S116789.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Markota NP, Markota I, Tomic M, Zelenika A. Inappropriate drug dosage adjustments in patients with renal impairment. J Nephrol. 2009;22(4):497–501.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Shalini A, Agarwal S, Joshi MC. A study of inappropriate dosing of antibacterial agents in consideration with estimated GFR values. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 2013;4(4):173–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nielsen AL, Henriksen DP, Marinakis C, Hellebek A, Birn H, Nybo M, et al. Drug dosing in patients with renal insufficiency in a hospital setting using electronic prescribing and automated reporting of estimated glomerular filtration rate. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;114(5):407–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Saleem A, Masood I. Pattern and predictors of medication dosing errors in chronic kidney disease patients in pakistan: a single center retrospective analysis. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0158677. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158677.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Saleem A, Masood I, Khan TM. Clinical relevancy and determinants of potential drug-drug interactions in chronic kidney disease patients: results from a retrospective analysis. Integr Pharm Res Pract. 2017;6:71–7. https://doi.org/10.0899/IPRP.S128816.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Sharif-Askari FS, Syed-Sulaiman SA, Saheb-Sharif-Askari N, Al-Sayed-Hussain A. Development of an adverse drug reaction risk assessment score among hospitalized patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(4):e95991. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0095991.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Taner N, Cattik BN, Berk B. A contraindication to metfromin therapy: renal impairment—adherence to prescribing guidelines at a hospital in Turkey. Acta Pharmaceutica Sci. 2018;56(1):63–70. https://doi.org/10.23893/1307-2080.APS.05604.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Holm H, Bjerke K, Holst L, Mathiesen L. Use of renal risk drugs in patients with renal impairment. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(6):1136–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-015-0175-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Stemer G, Lemmens-Gruber R. Clinical pharmacy activities in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic literature review. BMC Nephrol. 2011;12(1):35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-12-35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  53. Long CL, Raebel MA, Price DW, Magid DJ. Compliance with dosing guidelines in patients with chronic kidney disease. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(5):853–8. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1D399.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Jones GR. Estimating renal function for drug dosing decisions. Clincs. 2011;32(2):81–8.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Karsch-Volk M, Schmid E, Wagenpfeil S, Linde K, Heemann U, Schneider A. Kidney function and clinical recommendations of drug dose adjustment in geriatric patients. BMC Geriatr. 2013;10(13):92. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-13-92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Levey AS, Coresh J, Balk E, Kausz AT, Levin A, Steffes MW, et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(2):137–47. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-139-2-200307150-00013.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Poggio ED, Wang X, Greene T, Van Lente F, Hall PM. Performance of the modification of diet in renal disease and Cockcroft-Gault equations in the estimation of GFR in health and in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(2):459–66. https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2004060447.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Trinkley KE, Michelle-Nikels S, Page IRL, Joy MS. Automating and estimating glomerular filtration rate for dosing medications and staging chronic kidney disease. Int J Gen Med. 2014;7:211–8. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S61795.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Khanal A, Peterson GM, Jose MD, Castelino RL. Comparison of equations for dosing of medications in renal impairment. Nephrology. 2017;22(6):470–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.12834.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Lessard BA, Zaiken K. Comparison of equations for dosing of medications requiring renal adjustment. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2013;53(1):54–7. https://doi.org/10.1331/JAPhA.2013.11241.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Drion I, Joosten H, Santing L, Logtenberg SJJ, Groenier KH, Lieverse AG, et al. The Cockcroft-Gault: a better predictor of renal function in an overweight and obese diabetic population. Obes Fact. 2011;4(5):393–9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000333399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Park EJ, Wu K, Mi Z, Dong T, Lawrence JP, Ko CW, et al. A systematic comparison of Cockcroft-Gault and modification of diet in renal disease equations for classification of kidney dysfunction and dosage adjustment. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(9):1174–87. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1Q757.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Gill J, Malyuk R, Djurdjev O, Levin A. Use of GFR equations to adjust drug doses in an elderly multi-ethnic group—a cautionary tale. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(10):2894–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfm289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. National Kidney Disease Education Program. CKD & Drug Dosing: Information for Providers Estimation of Kidney Function for Prescription Medication Dosage in Adults. 2015. https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/professionals/clinical-tools-patient-education-outreach/ckd-drug-dosing-providers.

  65. Dowling TC, Wang ES, Ferrucci L, Sorkin JD. Glomerular filtration rate equations overestimate creatinine clearance in older individuals enrolled in the baltimore longitudinal study on aging: Impact on renal drug dosing. Pharmacotherapy. 2013;33(9):912–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1282.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Hoffmann F, Boeschen D, Dorks M, Herget-Rosenthal S, Petersen J, Schmiemann G. Renal insufficiency and medication in nursing home residents-a cross-sectional study (IMREN) [German]. Dtsch Ärzteblatt Int. 2016;113(6):92–8. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2016.0092.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Estimation of Kidney Function for Prescription Medication Dosage in Adults. In: CKD & Drug Dosing: Information for Providers 2015. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/professionals/advanced-search/ckd-drug-dosing-providers. Accessed 4 May 2021.

  68. Manias E. Detection of medication-related problems in hospital practice: a review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013;76(1):7–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12049.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Meyer-Massetti C, Cheng CM, Schwappach DL, Paulsen L, Ide B, Meier CR, et al. Systematic review of medication safety assessment methods. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2011;68(3):227–40. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp100019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Grasso BC, Genest R, Jordan CW, Bates DW. Use of chart and record reviews to detect medication errors in a state psychiatric hospital. Psychiatr Serv. 2003;54(5):677–81. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.5.677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Vidal L, Shavit M, Fraser A, Paul M, Leibovici L. Systematic comparison of four sources of drug information regarding adjustment of dose for renal function. Br Med J. 2005;331(7511):263. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38476.471088.3A.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Khanal A, Castelino R, Peterson G, Jose M. Dose adjustment guidelines for medications in patients with renal impairment: how consistent are drug information sources? Intern Med J. 2014;44(1):77–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.12291.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Dalrymple LS, Go AS. Epidemiology of acute infections among patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3(5):1487–93. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01290308.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Ishigami J, Matsushita K. Clinical epidemiology of infectious disease among patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2019;23(4):437–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10157-018-1641-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Doody HK, Peterson GM, Watson D, Castelino RL. Retrospective evaluation of potentially inappropriate prescribing in hospitalized patients with renal impairment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015;31(3):525–35. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2015.1010036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Chang F, O’Hare AM, Miao Y, Steinman MA. Use of renally inappropriate medications in older veterans: a national study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015;63(11):2290–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13790.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Roberts DM, Sevastos J, Carland JE, Stocker SL, Lea-Henry TN. Clinical pharmacokinetics in kidney disease: Application to rational design of dosing regimens. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(8):1254–63. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.05150418.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  78. Lea-Henry TN, Carland JE, Stocker SL, Sevastos J, Roberts DM. Clinical pharmacokinetics in kidney disease: fundamental principles. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(7):1085–95. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00340118.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Manlucu J, Tonelli M, Ray JG, Papaioannou A, Youssef G, Thiessen-Philbrook HR, et al. Dose-reducing H2 receptor antagonists in the presence of low glomerular filtration rate: a systematic review of the evidence. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(11):2376–84. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfi025.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Defronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, Bicsak TA. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: current perspectives on causes and risk. Metabolism. 2016;65(2):20–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Inzucchi SEMD, Lipska KJMDMHS, Mayo HMLS, Bailey CJP, McGuire DKMDM. Metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312(24):2668–75. https://doi.org/10.03233/jama.2014.15298.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Vecchio S, Giampreti A, Petrolini VM, Lonati D, Protti A, Papa P, et al. Metformin accumulation: lactic acidosis and high plasmatic metformin levels in a retrospective case series of 66 patients on chronic therapy. Clin Toxicol. 2014;52(2):129–35. https://doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2013.860985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Yao X, Shah ND, Sangaralingham LR, Gersh BJ, Noseworthy PA. Non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant dosing in patients with atrial fibrillation and renal dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(23):2779–90. https://doi.org/10.08245/atm.2017.09.19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Peterson C, Gustafsson M. Characterisation of drug-related problems and associated factors at a clinical pharmacist service-naïve hospital in northern Sweden. Drugs-Real World Outcomes. 2017;4(2):97–107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40801-017-0108-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Scott IA, Hilmer SN, Reeve E, Potter K, Le Couteur D, Rigby D, et al. Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(5):827–34. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0324.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Kantor ED, Rehm CD, Haas JS, Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Trends in prescription drug use among adults in the United States from 1999–2012. JAMA. 2015;314(17):1818–30. https://doi.org/10.03233/jama.2015.13766.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Whittaker CF, Miklich MA, Patel RS, Fink JC. Medication safety principles and practice in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018;13(11):1738–46. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.00580118.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Urbina O, Ferrández O, Grau S, Luque S, Mojal S, Marin-Casino M, et al. Design of a score to identify hospitalized patients at risk of drug-related problems. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23(9):923–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3634.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK

    Wadia S. Alruqayb, Vibhu Paudyal & Anthony R. Cox

  2. College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Wadia S. Alruqayb

  3. Test Evaluation Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Malcolm J. Price

  4. NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    Malcolm J. Price

Authors
  1. Wadia S. Alruqayb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Malcolm J. Price
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Vibhu Paudyal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Anthony R. Cox
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony R. Cox.

Ethics declarations

Funding

The study was funded by the University of Birmingham, and The Saudi Cultural Bureau funded Wadia Alruqayb’s PhD studies. MJP is supported by the NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.

Conflicts of Interest/Competing Interests

Wadia S. Alruqayb, Malcolm J. Price, Vibhu Paudyal and Anthony R. Cox have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this study.

Ethics Approval

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Material

Collated data from the study is available from the authors on request.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

Authors’ Contributions

All authors contributed to this systematic review and writing the manuscript. WA conducted the searches, data extraction and synthesis, with contributions and review by VP and AC. MP reviewed the data and synthesis. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 920 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Alruqayb, W.S., Price, M.J., Paudyal, V. et al. Drug-Related Problems in Hospitalised Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Drug Saf 44, 1041–1058 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-021-01099-3

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40264-021-01099-3

Search

Navigation