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A Review of Noninvasive Techniques for Skin Cancer Detection in Dermatology

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology volume 21, pages 513–524 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

As a result of increasing melanoma incidence and challenges with clinical and histopathologic evaluation of pigmented lesions, noninvasive techniques to assist in the assessment of skin lesions are highly sought after. This review discusses the methods, benefits, and limitations of adhesive patch biopsy, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), multispectral imaging, high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) in the detection of skin cancer. Adhesive patch biopsy provides improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of melanoma without a trade-off of higher sensitivity for lower specificity seen in other diagnostic tools to aid in skin cancer detection, including EIS and multispectral imaging. EIS and multispectral imaging provide objective information based on computer-assisted diagnosis to assist in the decision to biopsy and/or excise an atypical melanocytic lesion. HFUS may be useful for the determination of skin tumor depth and identification of surgical borders, although further studies are necessary to determine its accuracy in the detection of skin cancer. OCT and RCM provide enhanced resolution of skin tissue and have been applied for improved accuracy in skin cancer diagnosis, as well as monitoring the response of nonsurgical treatments of skin cancers and the determination of tumor margins and recurrences. These novel approaches to skin cancer assessment offer opportunities to dermatologists, but are dependent on the individual dermatologist’s comfort, knowledge, and desire to invest in training and implementation of noninvasive techniques. These noninvasive modalities may have a role in the complementary assessment of skin cancers, although histopathologic diagnosis remains the gold standard for the evaluation of skin cancer.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 49, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA

    Haley D. Heibel

  2. Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, 4037 NW 86th Terrace, 4th Floor, Gainesville, FL, 32606, USA

    Leah Hooey

  3. Cockerell Dermatopathology, 2110 Research Row, Suite 100, Dallas, TX, 72535, USA

    Clay J. Cockerell

  4. Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA

    Clay J. Cockerell

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Clay J. Cockerell is a paid consultant for DermTech and has participated in research with the company. Haley D. Heibel and Leah Hooey declare they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the content of this manuscript.

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Heibel, H.D., Hooey, L. & Cockerell, C.J. A Review of Noninvasive Techniques for Skin Cancer Detection in Dermatology. Am J Clin Dermatol 21, 513–524 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-020-00517-z

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