Skip to main content

Association between dietary patterns and body composition in normal-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders volume 21, pages 735–741 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

Background and aims

The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been proposed to be related to dietary pattern and body compostion indexes. Diet is one of the most important lifestyle-related factors which may regulate the inflammatory process. Numerous individual foods and dietary patterns can have a valuable health effect that is associated with their anti-inflammatory properties. Here we aimed to investigate the association between body composition indexes and dietary patterns in individuals with metabolic syndrome who were nnormal for weight.

Methods and materials

Normal weight subjects with MetS were recruited as part of Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine dietary patterns that were: low-, or high in antioxidant; dietary inflammation index (DII) and health eating index (HEI) were also determined. Body composition indexes including basal metabolic rate (BMR), body free fat mass (BFFM), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), trunk fat and total body water (TBW) were measured using a InBody body composition analyser. A P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results

A total 77 individuals including 29 males and 48 females were recruited into the study. A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was significantly correlated with BMR (p = 0.002), BFFM (p = 0.007) and TBW (p = 0.002). There was no significant relationship between body compostion with a low-antioxidant dietary pattern, DII and HEI. After adjusting for age and sex, our findings showed that a high-antioxidant dietary pattern were independently associated with BMR, BFFM and TBW.

Conclusion

A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was independently associated with decreased BMR, BFFM and TBW, while no association was found between body composition indexes and DII and HEI in normal weight paticipants with MetS.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Access options

Buy single article

Instant access to the full article PDF.

USD 39.95

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

References

  1. Eshaghi FS, Ghazizadeh H, Kazami-Nooreini S, Timar A, Esmaeily H, Mehramiz M, Avan A, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association of a genetic variant in AKT1 gene with features of the metabolic syndrome. Genes Dis. 2019;6(3):290–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghazizadeh H, Rezaei M, Avan A, Fazilati M, Pasdar A, Tavallaie S, Kazemi E, Seyedi SM, Ferns GA, Azimi-Nezhad M, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Association between serum cell adhesion molecules with hs-CRP, uric acid and VEGF genetic polymorphisms in subjects with metabolic syndrome. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(2):867–75.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Suliga E, Kozieł D, Cieśla E, Głuszek S. Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in individuals with normal weight: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2015;14(1):55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zheng Q, Lin W, Liu C, Zhou Y, Chen T, Zhang L, et al. Prevalence and epidemiological determinants of metabolically obese but normal-weight in Chinese population. BMC Public Health. 2020;20(1):487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bodén S, Wennberg M, Van Guelpen B, Johansson I, Lindahl B, Andersson J, et al. Dietary inflammatory index and risk of first myocardial infarction; a prospective population-based study. Nutr J. 2017;16(1):1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Shivappa N, Blair CK, Prizment AE, Jacobs DR, Steck SE, Hébert JR. Association between inflammatory potential of diet and mortality in the Iowa Women’s health study. Eur J Nutr. 2016;55(4):1491–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G. Diet quality as assessed by the healthy eating index, the alternate healthy eating index, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension score, and health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Journal of the academy of. Nutr Diet. 2015;115(5):780–800. e5.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Albert Pérez E, Poveda González M, Martínez-Espinosa RM, Molina Vila MD, Reig G-GM. Practical guidance for interventions in adults with metabolic syndrome: diet and exercise vs. changes in body composition. International journal of environmental research and public. Health. 2019;16(18):3481.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kroeger CM, Hoddy KK, Varady KA. Impact of weight regain on metabolic disease risk: a review of human trials. J Obes. 2014;2014.

  10. Vasques ACJ, Cassani RS, e Forti AC, Vilela BS, Pareja JC, Tambascia MA, et al. Sagittal abdominal diameter as a surrogate marker of insulin resistance in an admixtured population—Brazilian metabolic syndrome study (BRAMS). PLoS One. 2015;10(5):e0125365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Egg S, Erler J, Perktold B, Hasenegger V, Rust P, Ramoner R, et al. Traditional v. modern dietary patterns among a population in western Austria: associations with body composition and nutrient profile. Public Health Nutr. 2019;22(3):455–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lohman T, Wang Z, Going SB. Human body composition. Hum Kinet. 2005;918.

  13. Jayasinghe SN, Breier BH, McNaughton SA, Russell AP, Della Gatta PA, Mason S, et al. Dietary patterns in New Zealand women: evaluating differences in body composition and metabolic biomarkers. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1643.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Smith AD, Emmett PM, Pa N, Northstone K. Dietary patterns and changes in body composition in children between 9 and 11 years. Food Nutr Res. 2014;58(1):22769.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Shab-Bidar S, Golzarand M, Hajimohammadi M, Mansouri S. A posteriori dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(9):1681–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sharifan P, Bagherniya M, Bajgiran MM, Safarian M, Vatanparast H, Eslami S, et al. The efficacy of dairy products fortified with nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 on physical and mental aspects of the health in obese subjects; the protocol of the SUVINA trial. Transl Metabol Syndr Res. 2021;4:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Asadi Z, Yaghooti-Khorasani M, Ghazizadeh H, Sadabadi F, Mosa-Farkhany E, Darroudi S, et al. Association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of cardiovascular disease in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder study population. IUBMB Life. 2020;72(4):706–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ruiz-Canela M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MA. The role of dietary inflammatory index in cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and mortality. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(8):1265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Aa A, Shivappa N, Crichton G, Hébert JR. No significant independent relationships with cardiometabolic biomarkers were detected in the observation of cardiovascular risk factors in Luxembourg study population. Nutr Res. 2014;34(12):1058–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Pimenta AM, Toledo E, Rodriguez-Diez MC, Gea A, Lopez-Iracheta R, Shivappa N, et al. Dietary indexes, food patterns and incidence of metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN project. Clin Nutr. 2015;34(3):508–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Neufcourt L, Assmann K, Fezeu L, Touvier M, Graffouillère L, Shivappa N, et al. Prospective association between the dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome: findings from the SU. VI. MAX study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;25(11):988–96.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Howe AS, Black KE, Wong JE, Parnell WR, Skidmore PM. Dieting status influences associations between dietary patterns and body composition in adolescents: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2013;12(1):1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Correa-Rodríguez M, Rueda-Medina B, González-Jiménez E, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R, Schmidt-RioValle J. Dietary inflammatory index, bone health and body composition in a population of young adults: a cross-sectional study. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2018;69(8):1013–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Goodpasture B, Krishnaswami S, Harris T. Obesity, regional body fat distribution, and the metabolic syndrome in older men and women. ACC Curr J Rev. 2005;7(14):11–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Morris RW, Whincup PH. Measures of adiposity in the identification of metabolic abnormalities in elderly men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(6):1313–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Giusti V. Management of obesity in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;34(5):576–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2005;96(9):939–49.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Cabrera MA, Gebara OC, Diament J, Nussbacher A, Rosano G, Wajngarten M. Metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and cardiovascular risk in elderly women. Int J Cardiol. 2007;114(2):224–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Moller DE, Kaufman KD. Metabolic syndrome: a clinical and molecular perspective. Annu Rev Med. 2005;56:45–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ritchie S, Connell J. The link between abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17(4):319–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Soares M, Shetty P. Basal metabolic rates and metabolic economy in chronic undernutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1991;45(7):363–73.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Sahlin K, Ekblom B, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. Mitochondrial oxygen affinity predicts basal metabolic rate in humans. FASEB J. 2011;25(8):2843–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Javed F, He Q, Davidson LE, Thornton JC, Albu J, Boxt L, et al. Brain and high metabolic rate organ mass: contributions to resting energy expenditure beyond fat-free mass. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;91(4):907–12.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Soares MJ, Cummings NK, Ping-Delfos WLCS. Energy metabolism and the metabolic syndrome: does a lower basal metabolic rate signal recovery following weight loss? Diabetes Metabol Syndr: Clin Res Rev. 2011;5(2):98–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Mohammad Rashismayvan and Payam Sharifan contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Mohammad Rashidmayvan, Payam Sharifan & Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

  2. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Payam Sharifan & Hamideh Ghazizadeh

  3. International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Susan Darroudi, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Mohadese Honari, Hamideh Ghazizadeh & Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

  4. Department of Nutrition Sciences, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Rahil Salaribaghoonabad, Nilufar Safari & Maryam Yousefi

  5. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran

    Mohadese Honari

  6. Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK

    Gordon Ferns

  7. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Habibollah Esmaily

  8. Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Habibollah Esmaily

  9. Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 99199-91766, Iran

    Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan

Authors
  1. Mohammad Rashidmayvan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Payam Sharifan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Susan Darroudi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sara Saffar Soflaei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Rahil Salaribaghoonabad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Nilufar Safari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Maryam Yousefi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Mohadese Honari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hamideh Ghazizadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Gordon Ferns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Habibollah Esmaily
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Habibollah Esmaily or Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Mohammad Rashismayvan and Payam Sharifan are co-first authors.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rashidmayvan, M., Sharifan, P., Darroudi, S. et al. Association between dietary patterns and body composition in normal-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 21, 735–741 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01043-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-022-01043-x

Keywords

  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Body composition
  • High-antioxidant pattern
  • Low-antioxidant pattern
  • Dietary inflammatory index
  • Healthy eating index