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Prevalence and factors connected with chronic diseases in the elderly residents of Birjand: a community – based study in Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Iran

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Abstract

Objectives

The rapid rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) across the elderly has attracted much attention in Iran due to the high rate of population aging in the country. The current survey intended to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with five NCDs in the elderly residents of Birjand, a metropolis of South Khorasan, Iran.

Methods

Following an observational design, 1820 elderly dwellers of Birjand aged ≥ 60 years residing in urban or rural areas were explored. Data on the target NCDS and socio-demographic features, health behavioral factors, and objective assessment of height and weight were collected using interviews.

Results

The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, and cancer was 55.2% (1004/1819), 25.5% (463/1819), 1.0% (18/1807), 4.4% (80/1810), and 1.8% (33/1816), respectively. There was no gender difference concerning the prevalence of COPD, whereas the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cancer was higher in women than men. Stroke was conversely higher in males than females. The common correlations of the five main NCDs were locality of residence and low body mass index (BMI). Rural residents had higher odds of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and lower odds of stroke. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and stroke were associated with a low BMI. Gender, age, and occupation were found to be associated with some of the NCDs. Retired and housewives had more chance to have hypertension and diabetes mellitus than the unemployed elderly.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrated that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and stroke are the three prevalent NCDs among elders in the area and warrant a specific focus on reducing the burden of diseases and aligning healthcare services to prepare the whole needs of this population.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

GBD:

Global Burden of Disease

IHD:

Ischemic Heart Disease

COPD:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

BLAS:

Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study

BMI:

Body Mass Index

BP:

Blood Pressure

DM:

Diabetes Mellitus

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Research Deputy of Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Clinical Research Center at Birjand University of Medical Sciences, and all participants, without whom this study would not have been possible.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Marjan Farzad

  2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    MitraMoodi & Abbas Javadi

  3. Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Farshad Sharifi

  4. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Hasan Amirabadizadeh

  5. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Alireza Amirabadizadeh

  6. Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Toba Kazemi

  7. Clinical Research Development Unit of Razi Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Toba Kazemi

  8. Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

    Maziar Nasiri

Authors
  1. Marjan Farzad
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Contributions

Conceptualization: MF, TK, and MM.

Investigation: HA and AJ.

Analysis: AA.

Writing—original draft: MF, and MN.

Writing – review & editing: MF, TK, and FSh.

All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Toba Kazemi or Abbas Javadi.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

The research purpose and methodology were subjected to scrutiny by the Ethics Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (Ref: IR.BUMS.1399.292). In addition, written informed consent was obtained from all participants before entering the study and after a comprehensive introduction to the study protocol.

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N/A

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Farzad, M., MitraMoodi, Sharifi, F. et al. Prevalence and factors connected with chronic diseases in the elderly residents of Birjand: a community – based study in Birjand, South Khorasan Province, Iran. J Diabetes Metab Disord 20, 1655–1662 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00918-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00918-9

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