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Salivary microRNA-126 and 135a: a potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of type- 2 diabetes

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Abstract

Purpose

Emerging of miRNAs have illustrated the new mechanistic layer to regulate type 2 diabetes process and suggests a possible role of these RNAs in this defect. Thus, we designed this study to improve our understanding of salivary miRNA-126 and 135a expression utility as an easy of collection and non-invasive way in diabetic patients instead of blood sample.

Methods

This case-control study was done on T2D (n = 40) and healthy individuals (n = 40). The level of biochemical parameters were determined by enzymatic methods as well as glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured by immunoturbidimetry. We used the pooled whole stimulated saliva sample from cases and controls to assess the differentiation expression of miRNA 126 and 135-a with quantitative RT-PCR method. Unpaired Student’s t test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were used.

Results

A correlation was observed between the level of HbA1c, glucose and lipid profiles (TG, TC, and LDL) in serum and whole stimulated saliva samples in T2D patients compared to control (p < 0.001). miR-135a expression was considerably higher by 4.7-fold in T2D compared to the control group (1.8-fold) (p < 0.001) while the miR126 expression was significantly decreased by 3.9-fold in T2D compared to the controls (6.3-fold) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The results of this case and control study showed that miR-135a and miR126 expression in saliva fluid as a reliable biomarkers and non-invasive approach in combination by change of lipid profiles, glucose and HbA1c may be used to monitor diabetic and non-diabetic patients, while further research is needed to investigate the relationship of these salivary miRNAs (miR135a, miR126) levels change on shifting the levels of clinical laboratory outcomes.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the clinical staff of pathobiology laboratory in Pasteur Hospital (Qazvin province, Iran) for their technical assistance.

Funding

This study was funded by Aja University of Medical Sciences and Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

    Yousef Khazaei Monfared & Mohamad Reza Sarookhani

  2. Dip. Di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy

    Yousef Khazaei Monfared

  3. Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad-Reza Mirzaii-Dizgah

  4. B.Sc of Medical Laboratory sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran

    Elham Khodabandehloo

  5. Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran

    Sima Hashemipour

  6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah

Authors
  1. Yousef Khazaei Monfared
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  2. Mohammad-Reza Mirzaii-Dizgah
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  3. Elham Khodabandehloo
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  4. Mohamad Reza Sarookhani
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  6. Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah
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Contributions

Conceptualization and methodology: Y.K.M., I.M.D., and MR.M.D. Material preparation: E.K., and MR.S; Investigation: Y.K.M., I.M.D. and S.H..; Data collection: E.K., Y.K.M., and S.H.; Writing—original draft preparation: Y.K.M., I.M.D., Writing—review and editing: Y.K.M., I.M.D., MR.M.D. And MR.S.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Iraj Mirzaii-Dizgah.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

The current study was carried out according to Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the ethics committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences (IR.AJAUMS.REC.1397.056).

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Study limitations

The most important limitation in writing our manuscript was that we could not find reports in regard to the assessment of the expression level of Micro RNAs in saliva samples as biomarkers in diabetes.

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Monfared, Y.K., Mirzaii-Dizgah, MR., Khodabandehloo, E. et al. Salivary microRNA-126 and 135a: a potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of type- 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 20, 1631–1638 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00914-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00914-z

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