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Therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent in diabetes mellitus

  • Review article
  • Published:
Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia occurring as a result of dysregulation and balance of various metabolic pathways. In recent years, circadian misalignment (due to altered sleep/wake, feeding/fasting cycles), has been intimately linked with the development of diabetes mellitus. Herein, we review our knowledge of oxidative stress, circadian rhythms control of metabolism, and the effects of its disruption on homeostasis while emphasizing the importance of melatonin, a nocturnally peaking, pineal hormone, as a potential therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

Methods

PubMed database was systematically searched for related articles and data from all types of studies, including clinical trials, review articles, and case reports were considered without limiting the study to one specific category.

Results

Experimental and epidemiological evidence indicate melatonin’s multifaceted effects in intermediary metabolism via resynchronization of the circadian rhythms and its deficiency is associated with metabolic derangements. As a chronobiotic, it cures insomnia and sleep disorders caused by shift work or jet lag. The antagonistic relationship between melatonin and insulin highlights its influence in regulating insulin secretion, its action, and melatonin treatment successfully improved glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and overall health in diabetes mellitus. Melatonin’s cytoprotective role as an antioxidant and free radical scavenger, proved useful in combating oxidative stress, preserving beta-cell function, and influencing the development of diabetic complications.

Conclusion

The therapeutic application of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent is of promising significance in diabetes mellitus. Future investigations are encouraged to fully explore the efficacy of this ubiquitous molecule in various metabolic disorders.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the Pubmed database.

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed].

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Ian H. Rutkofsky for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the process of writing this review article.

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  1. California Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience and Psychology, Fairfield, CA, USA

    Fareha Wajid, Raju Poolacherla, Fatiha Kabir Mim, Amna Bangash & Ian H. Rutkofsky

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  1. Fareha Wajid
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  2. Raju Poolacherla
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  3. Fatiha Kabir Mim
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The corresponding author Fareha Wajid had the idea for the article. The literature search and data analysis were performed by Fareha Wajid, Raju Poolacherla, Fatiha Kabir Mim and Amna Bangash. The work was critically revised by Ian Rutkofsky. All authors contributed to this work with much enthusiasm.

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Correspondence to Fareha Wajid.

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Wajid, F., Poolacherla, R., Mim, F.K. et al. Therapeutic potential of melatonin as a chronobiotic and cytoprotective agent in diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 19, 1797–1825 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-020-00585-2

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