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Effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles on the in-vivo treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in a rat/mouse model: a systematic review

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Abstract

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurological disease that causes memory loss over time. Current therapies are limited and frequently inadequate. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, anti-remodeling and tissue-protective qualities that may be effective in treatment of different diseases, including AD. Because of nanoparticles’ high surface area, they can enhance solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and diminish toxicities. Besides, lipid nanoparticles have a high binding affinity that can enhance the rate of drug transport across BBB. So, EGCG nanoparticles represent a promising treatment for AD.

Objectives

This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of EGCG nanoparticles against AD in rat/mouse models.

Methods

Study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic databases were searched to discover relevant studies published up to October 2022.

Results

Two studies met the inclusion criteria out of 1338 and were included in this systematic review. Collectively, the results indicate that EGCG has a significant potential for reducing AD pathology and improving cognitive deficits in rat/mouse models. The formulated particles were in the nanometer range, as indicated by TEM, with good particle size control and stability. EGCG nanoparticles showed superior pharmacokinetic characteristics and improved blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased brain bioavailability compared to free EGCG. Additionally, nanoEGCG were more effective in modulating oxidative stress than free formulation and decreased AChE in the cortex and hippocampus of AlCl3-treated rats.

Conclusion

This systematic analysis of the two studies included showed that EGCG nanoparticles are efficacious as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD in rat/mouse models. However, limited number of studies found indicates insufficient data in this research point that requires further investigation by experimental studies.

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Data Availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available within the article [and its supplementary material].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    Maha K. A. Khalifa, Omnya M. Amin, Marwa A. Abd El‑Fattah, Kamilia H. A. Mohammed & Heba A. Eassa

  2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, 11884, Cairo, Egypt

    Somaia A. Abdel-Sattar & Heba S. Zaky

  3. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11884, Egypt

    Neveen A. Kohaf

  4. Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt

    Noha M. Badawi

  5. Narrativa, Los Angeles, CA, 90028, USA

    Ihab Mansoor

  6. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Physician Assistant Studies, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, 06117, USA

    Heba A. Eassa

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  1. Maha K. A. Khalifa
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; methodology: [Somaia A. Abdel-Sattar], [Omnya M. Amin], [Neveen A. Kohaf], [Heba S. Zaky], [Marwa A. Abd El‑Fattah], [Kamilia H. A. Mohammed], [Noha M Badawi], [Ihab Mansoor], [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; validation: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; formal analysis: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; investigation: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; writing—original draft preparation, Somaia A. Abdel-Sattar], [Omnya M. Amin], [Neveen A. Kohaf], [Heba S. Zaky], [Marwa A. Abd El‑Fattah], [Kamilia H. A. Mohammed], [Noha M Badawi], [Ihab Mansoor], [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; writing—review and editing: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; final approval of the version to be published: [Somaia A. Abdel-Sattar], [Omnya M. Amin], [Neveen A. Kohaf], [Heba S. Zaky], [Marwa A. Abd El‑Fattah], [Kamilia H. A. Mohammed], [Noha M Badawi], [Ihab Mansoor], [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa]; Supervision: [Maha K. A. Khalifa], [Heba A. Eassa].

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Correspondence to Heba A. Eassa.

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Khalifa, M.K.A., Abdel-Sattar, S.A., Amin, O.M. et al. Effectiveness of epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles on the in-vivo treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in a rat/mouse model: a systematic review. DARU J Pharm Sci 32, 319–337 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8

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