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Simulation and analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of arc plasma with CMT plus pulse composite heat source

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Abstract

An innovative numerical model was established to study the heat transfer mechanism with cold metal transfer plus pulse (CMT+P) composite heat source based on the in situ observation experiments as well as theories of electromagnetic dynamics, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics. The distribution of temperature, potential, current density, velocity, and pressure within the arc plasma was quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the physical fields of the arc plasma with CMT+P composite heat source, such as temperature, electricity, velocity and pressure, were related not only to the input current, but also to the discharge distance between the electrodes. The closer the physical fields of the arc plasma were to the anode, the faster response rate to the current variations and the weaker time delay effect. In addition, the closer the distance between two electrodes, the more concentrated the temperature. There was a negative correlation between the distribution of potential and current density corresponding to the surface of the molten region at different moments. With the completion of the short-circuit phase, the arc plasma was reignited and converged towards the wire end under electromagnetic pinch force. The high-speed axial vortices were generated again at the wire end, which promoted the shrinkage of the liquid metal section and accelerated the splashing of free droplets. Moreover, the distribution of temperature, potential, current density, pressure, and velocity on the substrate surface had a time delay effect with the input current during the pulse phase.

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Funding

The authors sincerely appreciate the financial support to this research from the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China [Grant Number 2020Z049067002]; the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City [Grant Number 22JCYBJC01280]; the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [Grant Number 3122023039]; the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant Number 51905536]; and the Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students [Grant Number 2022SKY152].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aeronautical Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China

    Zhiqiang Zhang, Qingze Gou, Tiangang Zhang & Xuecheng Lu

  2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Lianyong Xu

  3. School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, 300300, China

    Jing Zhang

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  1. Zhiqiang Zhang
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Zhang, Z., Gou, Q., Zhang, T. et al. Simulation and analysis of the heat transfer mechanism of arc plasma with CMT plus pulse composite heat source. Weld World 68, 525–541 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01594-4

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