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Numerical study on the behavior of titanium particles in the process of warm spraying

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Abstract

The flame flow characteristics, combustion mechanism, and particle flight behavior of warm spraying have been studied to broaden the warm spraying application of phase-sensitive materials. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study the flight behavior of titanium alloy powder particles during warm spraying. The renormalization group (RNG) and the k-ε turbulence model were used to solve the gas phase model. The single-step chemical reaction model and the eddy dissipation model (EDM) were combined to simulate the spray combustion reaction. On this basis, the discrete phase (DPM) model of titanium particles in the flame was carried out by the Lagrangian method to determine the particle flight behavior. In the study, the static pressure and flame temperature of the combustion products in the combustion chamber reached 0.39 MPa and 3305 K, respectively. The flame flows through the Laval nozzle with the convergence and divergence by 1668 m/s. It is an effective way to control the particle temperature without undesirable changes in particle velocity by adjusting the mass flow rate of the cooling gas. Warm spraying is more suitable for phase-sensitive and complex spraying materials. The flight behavior of small particles will be easily affected by the flame flow, while the large particles maintain their momentum and energy. The particle diameter and injection velocity were limited to no more than 55 μm and 20 m/s, which can effectively prevent particles from adhering and blocking the inner wall of the barrel.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Open topics of firefighting key laboratories of the Ministry of Public Security (Grant No. KF201704), Innovation Team Building Project of the University of Science and Technology Liaoning (601009830–02), Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation Guidance Project in Liaoning Province, and the Key R&D Plan Science and Technology Support Project in Tianjin City (S20ZC771198), Liaoning Province Higher Education Innovative Talent Support Program (20201005).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, Liaoning, China

    Xing Han, Chang Li, Xing Gao, Xinxue Chen & Zhaotai Liu

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  1. Xing Han
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  2. Chang Li
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  3. Xing Gao
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Correspondence to Chang Li.

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Han, X., Li, C., Gao, X. et al. Numerical study on the behavior of titanium particles in the process of warm spraying. Weld World 66, 1305–1314 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-022-01292-7

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