Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Improving welding stresses by filler metal and heat control selection in component-related butt joints of high-strength steel

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Welding in the World Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The application of high-strength fine-grained structural steels with yield strengths greater than or equal to 690 MPa expands because of present light weight design trends. The requirements regarding the welded components safety increased due to high loading capacity. This determines a sustainable and economic application as well. However, high welding residual stresses could diminish the components safety, especially due to high restraint conditions in component or repair welds. Therefore, this work is concerned with global and local welding stresses, especially crack-critical welding stresses in the HAZ and while root welding due to the restraint conditions. Restraint intensities of real components were analysed and realised with two different weld tests, alongside two different plate dimensions and steel grades. A comparison of the test results showed several significant effects for heat control and restraint intensity regarding restraint forces and local welding stresses. Among these effects, substantial influences were found for the filler metal selection with partially altered results for root and filler beads. Local stresses of weld seam and HAZ were affected differently.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hulka K, Kern A, Schriever U (2005) Application of niobium in quenched and tempered high-strength steels. In: Materials science forum, Vol. 500–501, pp. 519–526, http://www.scientific.net/MSF.500-501.519

  2. Gliner RE (2011) Welding of advanced high-strength sheet steels. Weld Int 25(5):389–396. doi:10.1080/09507116.2011.554234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Grong Ø (1997) Metallurgical modelling of welding. Institute of materials, ISBN: 9781861250360

  4. Lachmann C, Krull P, Nitschke-Page T, Wohlfahrt H (1997) Investigations on the cold crack susceptibility of welded S960Q and Ck 45 due to residual stresses. Int Conf Residual Stress (ICRS-5) 1:287–295, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  5. Nitschke-Pagel T, Wohlfahrt H (1991) The generation of residual stresses due to joining processes. In: Residual stresses—measurement, calculation, evaluation, Hauk V, Hougardy H, Macherauch E (Ed.), pp. 121–133, DGM Informationsgesellschaft mbH, ISBN: 3-88355-169-4

  6. Wongpanya P, Boellinghaus T, Lothongkum G (2008) Ways to reduce the cold cracking risk in high strength structural steel welds. In: International conference of the international institute of welding, Johannisburg, South Africa

  7. Boellinghaus T, Kannengiesser T (2003) Effect ot filler material selection and shrinkage restraint on stress strain build up in component welds. In: 6th International trends in welding research conference proceedings, Pine mountain, pp. 906–911, ASM International

  8. Kannengiesser T, Boellinghaus T, Neuhaus M (2006) Effects of the load history on the residual stress distribution in welded components. Weld World 50(7–8):11–17. doi:10.1007/BF03266 531

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Boellinghaus T, Kannengiesser T, Neuhaus M (2005) Effects of the structural restraint intensity on the stress strain build up in butt joints. Math Model Weld Phenom 7:651–669, 3-901351-99-X

    Google Scholar 

  10. Satoh K, Terai K, Yamada S, Matsui S, Ohkuma Y, Kinoshita T (1975) Theoretical study on transient restraint stress in multi-pass welding. Trans Jpn Weld Soc 6(1):42–52, ISSN: 03859282

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hirohata M, Itoh Y (2012) Effect of restraint on residual stress generated by butt-welding for thin steel plates. In: 9th German-Japanese Bridge Symposium, Kyoto, Japan, pp. 1–6, http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18865

  12. Kangas P, Sorsa I (1983) Effect of multi-run welding on the deformation and fracture toughness of restraint welded joints. In: Karjalainen LP, Rautioaho R (eds) 3rd Scandinavian symposium in materials science. Univerity of Oulu, Oulu, pp 137–142, 951-42-1547-8

    Google Scholar 

  13. Schwenk C, Kannengiesser T, Rethmeier M (2009) Restraint conditions and welding residual stresses in self-restrained cold cracking tests. In: Materials research, pp. 766–773

  14. Rhode M, Kromm A, Kannengiesser T (2013) Residual stresses in multi-layer component welds. In: Trends in welding research: proceedings of the 9th international conference, June 4–8, 2012 Chicago, Illinois, USA, pp. 48–54, ISBN: 1-62708-998-8

  15. Lausch T, Kannengiesser T, Schmitz-Niederau M (2013) Multi-axial load analysis of thick-walled component welds made of 13CrMoV9-10. J Mater Process Technol 213:1234–1240. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2013.01.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kannengiesser T, Lausch T, Kromm A (2011) Effects of heat control on the stress build-up during high-strength steel welding under defined restraint conditions. In: Welding in the world, Vol. 55, Nr. 07, pp. 58–65, Springer, ISSN: 0043–2288

  17. DIN EN 1011–2 (2001) Welding - Recommendation for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of ferritic steels

  18. Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures (EN 1993), 2010

  19. Schroepfer D, Kannengiesser T (2014) Correlating welding reaction stresses and weld process conditions for high-strength steel S960QL. Weld World 58(3):423–432. doi:10.1007/s40194 -014-0127-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Satoh K, Ueda Y, Matsui S, Natsume M, Terasaki T, Fukuda K, Tsuji M (1977) Japanese studies on structural restraint severity in relation to weld cracking. In: Welding in the world, Vol. 15, Nr. 7, pp. 155–189, Springer, ISSN: 0043–2288

  21. EN 10025–6 (2011) Hot rolled products of structural steels – Part 6: Technical delivery conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered conditions

  22. EN ISO 16834 (2012) Welding consumables – Wire electrodes, wires, rods and deposits for gas shielded arc welding of high strength steels – Classification

  23. EN ISO 14341 (2011) Welding consumables – Wire electrodes and weld deposits for gas shielded metal arc welding of non alloy and fine grain steels – Classification

  24. Alexandrov BT, Lippold JC (2007) Single sensor differential thermal analysis of phase transformations and structural changes during welding and postweld heat treatment. In: Welding in the world, Vol. 51, Nr. 11–12, pp. 48–59, Springer, DOI: 10.1007/BF03266608%T

  25. Nitschke-Pagel T, Wohlfahrt H (2002) Residual stresses in welded joints—sources and consequences. Mater Sci Forum 404-407:215–226. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF. 404-407.215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dai H, Francis JA, Stone HJ, Bhadeshia HKDH, Withers PJ (2008) Characterizing phase transformations and their effects on ferritic weld residual stresses with X-rays and neutrons. Metall Mater Trans A 39(13):3070–3078. doi:10.1007/s11661-008-9616-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Bhadeshia HKDH (2004) Developments in martensitic and bainitic steels: role of the shape deformation. In: Materials science and engineering A, Elsevier, Vol. 378, Nr. 1–2, pp. 34–39, DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2003.10.328

  28. Bhadeshia HKDH (1995) Possible effects of stress on steel weld microstructures. In: Cerjak H (ed) Mathematical modelling of weld phenomena-II. Institute of Materials, London, pp 71–115, 978-0-901716-63-7

    Google Scholar 

  29. Heinze C, Schwenk C, Rethmeier M (2012) Numerical calculation of residual stress development of multi-pass gas metal arc welding. In: Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 72, pp. 12–19, http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0143974X11002252

Download references

Acknowledgments

The studies were funded by the AIF-project IGF-Nr. 17267 N/FOSTA P922. Sincere thanks are given for this support and to the representing companies, actively involved in the project board.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Berlin, Germany

    Dirk Schroepfer, Arne Kromm & Thomas Kannengiesser

Authors
  1. Dirk Schroepfer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arne Kromm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Thomas Kannengiesser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dirk Schroepfer.

Additional information

Doc. IIW-2532, recommended for publication by Commission II “Arc Welding and Filler Metals”.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Schroepfer, D., Kromm, A. & Kannengiesser, T. Improving welding stresses by filler metal and heat control selection in component-related butt joints of high-strength steel. Weld World 59, 455–464 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0219-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-014-0219-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation