Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of titanium on the solidification and postsolidification microstructure of high-strength steel welds

  • Research Paper
  • Published:
Welding in the World Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The present study describes for the characterization of the microstructure of dipping test samples with different Ti content. Over several years, an experimental test rig for fundamental metallurgical investigations of continuous casting processes has been further developed to facilitate higher cooling rates. This experiment is based on the principle of a dipping test under inert gas atmosphere inside a vacuum induction furnace. Recently, this apparatus has been equipped with a pyrometer in order to measure the temperature of the solidified sample during the subsequent cooling phase and also with a furnace in order to simulate different cooling strategies. The introduced dipping test simulator is a competitive possibility to reproduce casting parameters of the strip casting process as well as welding parameters of gas metal arc welding. The results indicate a significant change of the microstructure at different Ti contents, in the range 20 to 555 ppm, and a good comparability of the microstructure of dipping test samples and weld samples. These results are finally compared with results from literature and discussed with respect to the expected influence of titanium on the microstructure of the welded joint.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Datasheet alform®extreme, www.voestalpine.com/stahl, 2012

  2. Belyakov A, Sakai Y, Hara T, Kimura Y, Tsuzaki K (2001) Thermal stability of ultra fine-grained steel containing dispersed oxides. Scr Mater 45(10):1213–1219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Takaki S, Kawasaki K, Kimura Y (2001) Mechanical properties of ultra fine grained steels. J Mater Process Technol 117(3):359–363

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Caballero FG, Bhadeshia HKDH, Mawella KJA, Jones DG, Brown P (2002) Very strong low temperature bainite. Mater Sci Technol 18(3):279–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ouchi C (2001) Development of steel plates by intensive use of TMCP and direct quenching processes. ISIJ Int 41(6):542–553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ali A, Bhadeshia HKDH (1991) Microstructure of high strength steel refined with intragranularly nucleated Widmanstätten ferrite. Mater Sci Technol 7(10):895–903

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Grong Ø (1997) Metallurgical modelling of welding, 2nd edn. The Institute of Materials, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  8. Frederikson H (1976) The mechanism of the peritectic reaction in iron-base alloys. Mater Sci Technol 10(3):77–86

    Google Scholar 

  9. Frederikson H, Stjerndahl J (1982) Solidification of iron-base alloys. Mater Sci Technol 10(12):575–585

    Google Scholar 

  10. Babu SS (1991) Acicular ferrite and bainite in Fe-Cr-C weld deposits, Ph. D. thesis, University of Cambridge

  11. Widgery DJ (1974) Deoxidation practice and the toughness of mild steel weld metal, Ph. D. thesis, University of Cambridge

  12. Bhadeshia HKDH (2001) Bainite in steels, 2nd edn. The Institute of Materials, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  13. Babu SS, David SA (2002) Inclusion formation and microstructure evolution in low alloy steel welds. ISIJ Int 42(12):1344–1353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kiviö M, Holappa L, Iung T (2010) Addition of dispersoid titanium oxide inclusions in steel and their influence on grain refinement. Metall Mater Trans B 41(6):1194–1204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Evans GM (1993) Microstructure and properties of ferritic steel welds containing Al and Ti, IIW Doc. II-A-901-93

  16. Bragin S (2012) Gießwalzen von HSLA Stählen, Thin Slab Direct Rolling of HSLA Steels, Ph. D. thesis, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, (in German)

  17. Vanovsek W, Bernhard C, Fiedler M, Posch G (2013) Influence of aluminum content on the characterization of microstructure and inclusions in high-strength steel welds. Welding in the World 57(1):73–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kurz W, Fisher DJ (1998) Fundamentals of solidification, 4th edn. Trans Tech, Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  19. Ovtchinnikov S (2002 ) Kontrollierte Erstarrung und Einschlussbildung bei der Desoxidation von hochreinen Stahlschmelzen, Controlled solidification and inclusion formation during deoxidation of high purity steel melts, Ph. D. thesis, University of Freiberg, (in German)

  20. Plöckinger E, Straube H (1964) Die desoxidation, Die physikalische chemie der eisen und stahlerzeugung (The deoxidation, the physical chemistry of iron and steel production). Stahleisen, Düsseldorf, pp 303–349 (in German)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Guide to the light microscope examination of ferritic steel weld metals. IIW- Doc. No IX-1533-88, 1988

  22. Vanovsek W (2006 ) Auswahl eines Härtemittels zur Herstellung perlitischer und bainitischer Schienen und Ermittlung der optimalen Prozessparameter (Selection of a quenching agent for the manufacture of pearlitic and bainitic rails, and the determination of optimal process parameters), Msc. thesis, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, (in German)

Download references

Acknowledgments

The investigations presented were supported by the Böhler Schweißtechnik Austria GmbH, the voestalpine AG and the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG). Special thanks are given to all the industry partners and project partners for their support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to W. Vanovsek.

Additional information

Doc. IIW-2381, recommended for publication by Commission II “Arc Welding and Filler Metals.”

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Vanovsek, W., Bernhard, C., Fiedler, M. et al. Effect of titanium on the solidification and postsolidification microstructure of high-strength steel welds. Weld World 57, 665–674 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-013-0063-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-013-0063-1

Keywords

Navigation