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Phase Fraction and Evolution of Additively Manufactured (AM) 15-5 Stainless Steel and Inconel 625 AM-Bench Artifacts

  • Thematic Section: Additive Manufacturing Benchmarks 2018
  • Published:
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Abstract

A proper understanding of the structure and microstructure of additively manufactured (AM) alloys is essential not only to the prediction and assessment of their material properties, but also to the validation and verification of computer models needed to advance AM technologies. To accelerate AM development, as part of the AM-Bench effort, we conducted rigorous synchrotron-based X-ray scattering and diffraction experiments on two types of AM alloys (AM 15-5 stainless steel and AM Inconel 625). Taking advantage of the high penetration of synchrotron hard X-rays, we determined the phases present in these alloys under different build conditions and their statistically meaningful phase fractions using high-resolution X-ray diffraction. Using in situ multi-scale X-ray scattering and diffraction, we quantitatively analyzed the phase evolution and development of major precipitates in these alloys as a function of time during stress relief heat treatments. These results serve to validate AM microstructure models and provide input to higher-level AM processing and property models to predict the material properties and performances.

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Notes

  1. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, software, or materials are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the Department of Commerce or the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose.

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Acknowledgements

Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the US DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research was partially supported by the Exascale Computing Project (17-SC-20-SC), a collaborative effort of the US Department of Energy Office of Science and the National Nuclear Security Administration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Fan Zhang & Andrew J. Allen

  2. Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Lyle E. Levine, Sandra W. Young, Maureen E. Williams, Mark R. Stoudt & Kil-Won Moon

  3. Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA

    Jarred C. Heigel

  4. X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    Jan Ilavsky

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  1. Fan Zhang
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Correspondence to Fan Zhang.

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Zhang, F., Levine, L.E., Allen, A.J. et al. Phase Fraction and Evolution of Additively Manufactured (AM) 15-5 Stainless Steel and Inconel 625 AM-Bench Artifacts. Integr Mater Manuf Innov 8, 362–377 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-019-00148-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40192-019-00148-1

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