Abstract
It has well known that hydroxyapatite (HA) is a kind of excellent materials for biomolecular absorption and separation, and the absorption and separation performances of HA would be improved if HA had been processed into desirable porous structures. In this paper, we reported on the combination of gel casting and freeze casting to develop the through-porous hydroxyapatite ceramic monoliths. Experiments demonstrated that the gel-containing freeze casting technique was an isotropic pore-forming technique and could prepare the near-net-shape forming green bodies with good mechanical strength no matter what the HA content in green bodies was. Further green body sintering formed the through-porous ceramics whose grain size, pore size, and porosity depended on and could be controlled by the content of HA in green bodies. The formation of through-pores in ceramics resulted from the gels and water in green bodies, which acted as the templates of the pores with size < 1 μm and the pores with size > μ μm, respectively. The gel-freeze casting technique is simple, repeatable, and cost-effective, therefore being hopeful for industrial applications.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
Chen Y, Sun ZH, Li YY, et al. Preparation and biological effects of apatite nanosheet-constructed porous ceramics. J Mater Chem B 2017, 5: 8072013;816.
Yamasaki Y, Yokoyama A, Ohnaka A, et al. High-performance hydroxyapatite chromatography of nucleic acids. J Chromatogr 1989, 467: 299–303.
Low HR, Avdeev M, Ramesh K, et al. Zinc hydroxyapatite catalyst for decomposition of 2-propanol. Adv Mater 2012, 24: 4175–4179.
Mene RU, Mahabole MP, Sharma R, et al. Enhancement in CO gas sensing properties of hydroxyapatite thick films: Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation. Vacuum 2011, 86: 66–71.
Jiang SD, Yao QZ, Zhou GT, et al. Fabrication of hydroxyapatite hierarchical hollow microspheres and potential application in water treatment. J Phys Chem C 2012, 116: 4484–4492.
Tanaka N, Kobayashi H, Nakanishi K, et al. A new type of chromatographic support could lead to higher separation efficiencies. Anal Chem 2001, 73: 420A–429A.
Descamps M, Richart O, Hardouin P, et al. Synthesis of macroporous β-tricalcium phosphate with controlled porous architectural. Ceram Int 2008, 34: 1131–1137.
Liu B, Lin PH, Shen Y, et al. Porous bioceramics reinforced by coating gelatin. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 2008, 19: 1203–1207.
Hong YL, Fan HS, Li B, et al. Fabrication, biological effects, and medical applications of calcium phosphate nanoceramics. Mater Sci Eng R Rep 2010, 70: 225–242.
Deville S, Saiz E, Nalla RK, et al. Freezing as a path to build complex composites. Science 2006, 311: 515–518.
Descamps M, Duhoo T, Monchau F, et al. Manufacture of macroporous β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 2008, 28: 149–157.
Engin NO, Tas AC. Manufacture of macroporous calcium hydroxyapatite bioceramics. J Eur Ceram Soc 1999, 19: 2569–2572.
Fu Q, Rahaman MN, Dogan F, et al. Freeze casting of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds. I. Processing and general microstructure. J Biomed Mater Res 2008, 86B: 125–135.
Reed JS. Critical issues and future directions in powder forming processes. In: Ceramic Transactions, vol. 1, Ceramic Powder Science I1 (B). Messing GL, Fuller ER Jr., Hausner H, Eds. American Ceramic Society, 1987: 601–610.
St Pierre PDS. Slip casting nonclay ceramics. In: Ceramic Fabrication Processes. Kingery WD, Ed. MIT Press, 1963: 45–51.
Mangels JA. Injection molding ceramics. In: Proceedings of the 6th Annual Conference on Composites and Advanced Ceramic Materials: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 2008.
Young AC, Omatete OO, Janney MA, et al. Gelcasting of alumina. J Am Ceram Soc 1991, 74: 612–618.
Omatete OO, Janney MA, Nunn SD. Gelcasting: From laboratory development toward industrial production. J Eur Ceram Soc 1997, 17: 407–413.
Sepulveda P, Ortega FS, Innocentini MDM, et al. Properties of highly porous hydroxyapatite obtained by the gelcasting of foams. J Am Ceram Soc 2000, 83: 3021–3024.
Ramay HR, Zhang MQ. Preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds by combination of the gel-casting and polymer sponge methods. Biomaterials 2003, 24: 3293–3302.
Raynaud S, Champion E, Bernache-Assollant D, et al. Calcium phosphate apatites with variable Ca/P atomic ratio I. Synthesis, characterisation and thermal stability of powders. Biomaterials 2002, 23: 1065–1072.
Padilla S, García-Carrodeguas R, Vallet-Regí M. Hydroxyapatite suspensions as precursors of pieces obtained by gelcasting method. J Eur Ceram Soc 2004, 24: 2223–2232.
Ortega FS, Sepulveda P, Pandolfelli VC. Monomer systems for the gelcasting of foams. J Eur Ceram Soc 2002, 22: 1395–1401.
Deville S, Saiz E, Tomsia AP. Freeze casting of hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2006, 27: 5480–5489.
Scotti KL, Dunand DC. Freeze casting—A review of processing, microstructure and properties via the open data repository, FreezeCasting.net. Prog Mater Sci 2018, 94: 243–305.
Munz D, Fett T. Ceramics: Mchanical Properties, Failure Behaviour, Materials, Selection. Springer, 1999.
Mattoni MA, Yang JY, Levi CG, et al. Effects of matrix porosity on the mechanical properties of a porous-matrix, all-oxide ceramic composite. J Am Ceram Soc 2001, 84: 2594–2602.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31570977).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Wu, Z., Zhou, Z. & Hong, Y. Isotropic freeze casting of through-porous hydroxyapatite ceramics. J Adv Ceram 8, 256–264 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-018-0312-2
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40145-018-0312-2