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Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Refractory Respiratory Failure

  • Critical Care Anesthesia (LL Liu, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used now for more than four decades, and although initial clinical use and evidence were controversial of its benefit, technological advances in the components of the circuit, increase clinical experience, and further clinical evidence in the past decade have increased the number of centers that have employed this technology. ECMO employed as a rescue treatment for refractory respiratory failure has gained increasing support due to improvement in technology and emerging clinical evidence. The main indication for ECMO for respiratory failure is ARDS due to infection; however, recently there has been an increase in the use of ECMO for decompensated end-stage respiratory failure in patients awaiting lung transplantation. Possible contraindications for ECMO are inability to anticoagulate and the presence of malignancy. The current evidence has shown optimistic survival rates as well as quality of life that justify its use for refractory respiratory failure.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Avenue, MU, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA

    Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez & James Ramsay

Authors
  1. Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez
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  2. James Ramsay
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Andres Oswaldo Razo Vazquez.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Critical Care Anesthesia.

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Razo Vazquez, A., Ramsay, J. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Refractory Respiratory Failure. Curr Anesthesiol Rep 5, 380–386 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-015-0139-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40140-015-0139-0

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