Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of enrolled patients

At baseline

Age (years)

73.1 ± 12.9

67.6 ± 16.8

64.4 ± 17.4*

64.9 ± 17.2

 ≧ 65^a

26 (83.9%)

48 (66.7%)

276 (62.0%)

302 (63.4%)

 < 65

5 (16.1%)

24 (33.3%)

169 (38.0%)

174 (36.6%)

Sex

 Male

20 (64.5%)

41 (56.9%)

279 (62.7%)

299 (62.8%)

 Female

11 (35.5%)

31 (43.1%)

166 (37.3%)

177 (37.2%)

Height (cm)

160.2 ± 7.1

160.8 ± 9.9

162.4 ± 8.8

162.2 ± 8.7

Weight (kg)

57.4 ± 10.4

56.9 ± 12.2

58.8 ± 11.7

58.7 ± 11.6

BMI (kg/m²)^a

22.3 ± 3.3

22.0 ± 4.1

22.2 ± 3.7

22.2 ± 3.7

Diagnosis

 Pulmonary TB

20 (64.5%)

47 (65.3%)

294 (66.1%)

314 (66.0%)

 Extrapulmonary TB

8 (25.8%)

12 (16.7%)

75 (16.9%)

83 (17.4%)

 MDR-TB

0 (0.0%)

2 (2.8%)

5 (1.1%)

5 (1.1%)

 Pulmonary NTM disease

2 (6.5%)

10 (13.9%)

50 (11.2%)

52 (10.9%)

 Extrapulmonary NTM disease

1 (3.2%)

1 (1.4%)

21 (4.7%)

22 (4.6%)

NTM species

 MAC

2 (66.7%)

7 (63.6%)

39 (54.9%)

41 (55.4%)

 M. kansasii

0 (0.0%)

3 (27.3%)

16 (22.5%)

16 (21.6%)

 Others

1 (33.3%)

1 (9.1%)

16 (22.5%)

17 (3.6%)

Initial treatment regimen

 HERZ

30 (96.8%)

56 (77.8%)

366 (82.2%)

396 (83.2%)

 HER

0 (0.0%)

6 (8.3%)

19 (4.3%)

19 (4.0%)

 HERZ + SM

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

5 (1.1%)

5 (1.1%)

 Macrolide-based regimen

1 (3.2%)

10 (13.9%)

51 (11.5%)

52 (10.9%)

 Others

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

4 (0.9%)

4 (0.8%)

Daily EMB dosage (mg/kg)

16.8 ± 2.2

16.2 ± 2.2

16.3 ± 2.0

16.3 ± 2.0

Length of EMB usage (day)

169.5 ± 207.5

198.1 ± 248.8

196.1 ± 158.8

194.4 ± 162.3

Accumulative EMB dosage (× 1000) (mg)

154.8 ± 147.0

179.8 ± 210.0

184.0 ± 146.0

182.1 ± 146.1

Visual acuity, OD

0.5 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

Visual acuity, OS

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.3

Visual acuity, OU

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.3

0.7 ± 0.3

Deficient color discrimination

4 (12.9%)

8 (11.1%)

27 (6.1%)

31 (6.5%)

WBC (× 10⁹/L)

8.7 ± 4.8

7.2 ± 3.2

7.3 ± 3.7

7.4 ± 3.8

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

11.8 ± 2.5

11.5 ± 2.0

12.3 ± 2.2

12.3 ± 2.2

Platelet (× 10³/µl)

303.1 ± 129.8

262.9 ± 110.3

271.7 ± 108.1

273.7 ± 109.7

BUN (mg/dl)

20.9 ± 19.5

17.7 ± 12.4

16.8 ± 11.5

17.1 ± 12.2

Creatinine (mg/dl)

1.4 ± 2.1

1.1 ± 0.9

1.1 ± 1.4

1.1 ± 1.5

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m²)

81.6 ± 33.2

88.1 ± 37.5

91.5 ± 34.5

90.9 ± 34.5

AST (U/l)

35.7 ± 57.6

30.4 ± 26.3

30.8 ± 25.3

31.1 ± 28.4

ALT (U/l)

20.8 ± 12.5

27.6 ± 34.2

27.3 ± 28.1

26.9 ± 27.4

Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.6 ± 0.6

0.5 ± 0.3

0.6 ± 0.5

0.6 ± 0.5

Uric acid (mg/dl)

7.8 ± 3.3

8.2 ± 4.2

7.4 ± 3.6

7.4 ± 3.6

HbA1c (%)

6.4 ± 1.6

6.4 ± 1.5

6.2 ± 1.4

6.3 ± 1.4

Co-morbidity

 DM

13 (41.9%)

19 (26.4%)

100 (22.5%)*

113 (23.7%)

 Alcoholism

1 (3.2%)

3 (4.2%)

39 (8.8%)

40 (8.4%)

 HBV carrier

1 (3.2%)

6 (8.3%)

38 (8.5%)

39 (8.2%)

 HCV carrier

0 (0.0%)

7 (9.7%)

27 (6.1%)

27 (5.7%)

 Hypertension

14 (45.2%)

31 (43.1%)

137 (30.8%)

151 (31.7%)

 COPD

2 (6.5%)

10 (13.9%)

36 (8.1%)

38 (8.0%)

 Asthma

1 (3.2%)

4 (5.6%)

21 (4.7%)

22 (4.6%)

 Chronic renal disease

4 (12.9%)

12 (16.7%)

52 (11.7%)

56 (11.8%)

 Autoimmune disorder

1 (3.2%)

11 (15.3%)

40 (9.0%)

41 (8.6%)

 Malignancy

5 (16.1%)

12 (16.7%)

63 (14.2%)

68 (14.3%)

At EMB discontinuation

Coexistence of subjective and objective ocular abnormalities

27 (87.1%)

40 (55.6%)*

NA

NA

Concomitant impairment of visual acuity and color discrimination

9 (29.0%)

4 (5.6%)*

NA

NA

Ophthalmological diagnosis

 Glaucoma

NA

5 (6.9%)

NA

NA

 Cataract

NA

25 (34.7%)

NA

NA

 Dry eyes

NA

3 (4.2%)

NA

NA

 Maculopathy

NA

6 (8.3%)

NA

NA

 Allergic conjunctivitis

NA

1 (1.4%)

NA

NA

 BRVO

NA

2 (2.8%)

NA

NA

 DM retinopathy

NA

6 (8.3%)

NA

NA

 Strabismus

NA

1 (1.4%)

NA

NA

 Myopia

NA

1 (1.4%)

NA

NA

 Presbyopia

NA

1 (1.4%)

NA

NA

 Undetermined

NA

21 (29.2%)

NA

NA