Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of Surface Area of Fins on the Behaviour of Piles Under Combined Loading Conditions

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Indian Geotechnical Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The conventional foundation design methods consider these loads independently. However, these loads often act together and their independent existence is rare. Finned piles are found to be a better alternative to monopiles in resisting lateral loads. Lateral load carrying capacity of the foundation is highly significant in the case of tall structures. In the present study, the response of finned piles to lateral loads under combined loading conditions has been investigated. Small-scale laboratory model tests were performed on monopiles and finned piles embedded in sand. The studies were carried out by varying the geometric factors such as length, width and area of the fins. From the studies, it was found that the lateral load carrying capacity of the finned piles increases considerably in comparison with monopiles. The tests revealed that the lateral capacity is a function of the surface area of fins. Under combined loading, a logarithmic relationship between the increase in lateral resistance capacity and the surface area of the fins was identified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ramakrishna VVGST, Rao SN (1999) Critical Cyclic load levels or laterally loaded piles in soft clays. In: Proceedings of the international conference on offshore and near shore, geotechnical engineering, Balkema, pp 301–307

  2. Peng JR, Rouainia M, Clarke BG, Allan P, Irvine J (2004) Lateral resistance of finned piles established from model tests. In: Proceedings of the international conference on geotechnical engineering, Beirut, CFMS, Lebanon, pp 565–571

  3. Bienen B, Duhrkop J, Grabe J, Randolph MF, White D (2012) Response of piles with wings to monotonic and cyclic lateral loading in sand. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 138(3):364–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Nasr AMA (2014) Experimental and theoretical studies of laterally loaded finned piles in sand. Can Geotech J 51:381–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ramaswamy G (1974) Flexural behaviour of axially and laterally loaded individual piles and group of piles. Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

  6. Goryunov BF (1975) Discussion on analysis of piles subjected to the combined action of vertical and horizontal loads. J Soil Mech Found Eng 10(1):10–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Banerjee PK, Davies TG (1978) The behaviour of axially loaded single piles embedded in non-homogeneous soils. Geotechnique 28(3):309–326

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Anagnostopoulos C, Georgiadis M (1993) Interaction of axial and lateral pile responses. J Geotech Eng 119(4):793–798

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Karthigeyan S, Ramakrishna VVGST, Rajagopal K (2006) Influence of vertical load on lateral response of piles in sand. Comput Geotech 33:121–131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Karthigeyan S, Ramakrishna VVGST, Rajagopal K (2007) Numerical investigation of the effect of vertical load on the lateral response of piles. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 133(5):512–521

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Peng JR (2006). Behaviour of finned piles in laterally loaded piles. Ph.D. thesis, Newcastle University, Canada (unpublished)

  12. Peng JR, Rouainia M, Clarke BG (2010) Finite element analysis on laterally loaded fin piles in sand. Comput Struct 88(21–22):1239–1247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Rybnikov AM (1990) Experimental investigations of bearing capacity of bored-cast-in-place tapered piles. ASCE Soil Mech Found Eng 27(2):48–52

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wei J, El Naggar MH (1998) Experimental study of axial behaviour of tapered piles. Can Geotech J 35(4):641–654

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. El Naggar MH, Wei JQ (1999) Response of tapered piles subjected to lateral loading. Can Geotech J 36(1):52–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. El Naggar MH, Wei JQ (2000) Uplift behaviour of tapered piles established from model tests. Can Geotech J 37(1):56–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. El Naggar MH, Sakr M (2000) Evaluation of axial performance of tapered piles from centrifugal tests. Can Geotech J 37(6):1295–1308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Campbell R, Christopherson A, Nottingham D (1986) Use of Fins on pile for increased Tension Capacity (Spin–fin piles). Final Report Appendix by Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, State of Alaska, April 1986

  19. Peng JR, Rouainia M, Clarke BG (2011) Increasing the resistance of piles subjected to cyclic lateral loading. ASCE J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 137(10):977–982

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Grabe J, Duhrkop J (2007) Improving of lateral bearing capacity of mono-piles by welded wings. In Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on foundations. HIS BRE Press, Garston, UK, pp 849–860

  21. Poulos HG (1971) Behaviour of laterally loaded piles: I–single piles. ASCE J Soil Mech Found Eng 97(5):711–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Poulos HG, Davis EH (1980) Pile foundation analysis and design. Wiley, NewYork

    Google Scholar 

  23. Randolph MF (1981) The response of flexible piles to lateral loading. Geotechnique 31(2):247–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Coyle HM, Reese LC (1966) Load transfer for axially loaded piles in clay. J Soil Mech Found Div ASCE 92(2):1–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Matlock H, Reese LC (1960) Generalised solution for laterally loaded piles. J Soil Mech Found Eng Div 86(SM5):63–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Georgiadis M, Butterfield R (1982) Laterally loaded pile behaviour. J Geotech Eng Div ASCE 108(1):155–165

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Johnson K (2005) Load: deformation behaviour of foundations under vertical and oblique loads. PhD thesis, James Cook University, Australia

  28. Karthigeyan S, Ramakrishna VVGST, Rajagopal K (2005). Interaction between vertical and lateral loads on the response of piles in soft clays. In: 16th international conference on soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Osaka, Japan

  29. Rajagopal K, Karthigeyan S (2008) Influence of combined vertical and lateral loading on the lateral response of piles. In: The 12th international conference of IACMAG, Goa, India

  30. Lee J, Prezzi M, Salgado R (2011) Experimental investigation of the combined load response of model piles driven in sand. Geotech Test J 34(6):653–667

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zadeh NG, Kalantari B (2011) Performance of single pile under vertical and lateral load in sand, clay and layered soil. EJGE 16:1131–1146

    Google Scholar 

  32. Erdal U, Mustafa L (2011) Lateral resistance of a short rigid pile in a two layer cohesionless soil. Acta Geotech Slovenica 2:19–43

    Google Scholar 

  33. Stewart DP (1999) Reduction of undrained lateral pile capacity in clay due to an adjacent slope. Austral Geomech J 34:17–23

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the Engineering Technology and Programme scheme, Kerala State Council for Science Technology and Environment (ETP/17/2016/KSCSTE), which funded this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to N. Unnikrishnan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ambi, R., Jayasree, P.K. & Unnikrishnan, N. Effect of Surface Area of Fins on the Behaviour of Piles Under Combined Loading Conditions. Indian Geotech J 51, 254–261 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-020-00459-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-020-00459-7

Keywords

Navigation