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Functional Co3O4 nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor for direct determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples

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Abstract

Ionic liquid (IL)-assisted Co3O4 nanostructures were synthesized by a simple, facile and novel low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method and used for the modification of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the selective determination of ascorbic acid (AA). Different volumes of IL were used in the preparation of nanostructures to examine the effect of IL on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the synthesized material. The functionalities of the prepared material were investigated by FTIR, while the crystalline nature and phase purity of the material were confirmed by XRD results. FESEM analysis were carried out to expose the surface characteristics of the prepared nanostructures and the results demonstrated that the cobalt oxide nanostructures possess nanorods like morphology. The EDX results verified the maximum elemental percent composition for the cobalt and oxygen in the synthesized material. The electrochemical performance of Co3O4 nanostructures modified GCE was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical results demonstrated that the modified electrode shown outstanding performance in the determination of AA with a very low limit of detection (1 µM) along with higher stability and repeatability features. The novel AA sensor manifested exceptional sensitivity and selectivity over a wide linear range of concentration from 0.05 to 3 mM with the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.998. The applicability of the developed sensor was examined in the pharmaceutical samples that contain AA and the sensor selectively detected the AA from multiple ingredients that were present in their formulation with acceptable recovery.

Graphic abstract

It describes the synthesis of [BMIM][PF6] IL functionalized cobalt oxide nanostructures through low-temperature aqueous chemical growth method and the synthesized material was utilized to fabricate an electrochemical sensor (Co3O4/GCE) for the selective determination of Ascorbic acid.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Nadir H. Khand, Jamil A. Buledi, Sidra Ameen, Almas F. Memon, Tania Ghumro & Amber R. Solangi

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    Ismail M. Palabiyik

  3. Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, 67450, Pakistan

    Sidra Ameen

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  1. Nadir H. Khand
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Contributions

NHK: Conducting experiment and Writing of the article. IMP: Helping in characterization of material, Correction of grammatical mistakes, improving English language. JAB: Interpretation and designing of all graphs. SA: Graphing and helping in experiments. AFM: Helping in experiment and Formatting of article and references. TG: Data collection, sampling. ARS: Conceptualization/ Supervision/editing/correcting draft/ Submission/Correspondence to the Journal.

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Correspondence to Amber R. Solangi.

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Khand, N.H., Palabiyik, I.M., Buledi, J.A. et al. Functional Co3O4 nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor for direct determination of ascorbic acid in pharmaceutical samples . J Nanostruct Chem 11, 455–468 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00380-8

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