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Cooling technologies for enhancing photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) performance: a state of the art

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Abstract

Although photovoltaic cells are good technology that converts sunlight into electricity, it suffers from low efficiency in hot weather conditions. Photovoltaic–thermal technologies (PV/T) have addressed the problem of overheating PV cells utilizing several cooling methods. These technologies can improve the electrical efficiency of PV cells and provide thermal energy simultaneously. This work presents an updated review of the most critical PV cooling technologies and their impact on electrical and thermal efficiency, in addition to the performance formulas for each technology. An analytical comparison of the results of the studies conducted on each technique is presented to determine the best performance obtained. The strengths and weaknesses are presented and the most effective techniques that can be relied upon to develop and popularize PV systems in the future.

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Abbreviations

A c :

Collector surface area (m2)

a :

Length (m)

\(b\) :

Width (m)

C p :

Specific heat of working fluid (J/kg ℃)

\(C_{b}\) :

Conductance of the bond between the fin and tube

\(D_{h}\) :

Hydraulic diameter (m)

\(D_{i}\) :

Inner flow tube diameter (m)

\(D_{O}\) :

Outer flow tube diameter (m)

F R. :

The heat-removal factor

\(F^{\prime}\) :

Module efficiency factor

\(F\) :

Fin efficiency factor

G :

Solar radiation (W/m2)

\(h_{fi}\) :

Heat transfer coefficient of fluid (W/m2 ℃)

\(h_{r}\) :

Radiation heat transfer coefficient (W/m2℃)

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity (W/m℃)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Flow rate of working fluid (kg/s)

\(P\) :

Produced power (W)

\(Q\) :

Useful thermal energy (W)

\(T_{i}\) :

Inlet flow temperature (℃)

\(T_{o}\) :

Outlet flow temperature (℃)

\(T_{pv}\) :

PV cell temperature (℃)

\(T_{ref}\) :

Reference temperature (℃)

\(U_{L}\) :

Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 ℃)

\(W\) :

Distance between tubes (m

\(\alpha\) :

Absorption coefficient

\(\beta_{pv}\) :

Reference temperature coefficient

\(\eta_{ele}\) :

Electrical efficiency

\(\eta_{th}\) :

Thermal efficiency

\(\eta_{ref}\) :

Reference solar cell efficiency

\(\delta\) :

Thickness (m)

\(\tau\) :

Transmission coefficient

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Funding

Science,Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with Egyptian Knowledge Bank(EKB)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt

    Mohamed Ghazy, A. S. A. Mohamed & Ahmed A. Askalany

  2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt

    E. M. M. Ibrahim

  3. High Institute for Engineering and Technology, Sohag, Egypt

    A. S. A. Mohamed

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  1. Mohamed Ghazy
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Ghazy, M., Ibrahim, E.M.M., Mohamed, A.S.A. et al. Cooling technologies for enhancing photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) performance: a state of the art. Int J Energy Environ Eng 13, 1205–1235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-022-00491-8

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