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Synthesis of cellulose nanofibers from lignocellulosic materials and their photocatalytic dye degradation studies

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Abstract

The present research emphasizes lignocellulosic materials like agricultural biomass such as Ragi Stalk also known as Finger Millet Stalk (Eleusine coracana), Mango Wood (Mangifera caesia), and Groundnut husk (Arachis hypogaea) were transformed into cellulose by pretreatment with 5% NaOH and 5% NaClO2 Solution. In addition, the cellulose obtained was transformed into nanocellulose (NC) using acid hydrolysis, ultrasonication, and centrifugation. XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and TGA/DTA (Thermogravimetry and Differential Thermal Analysis) are used to characterize the nanocellulose that has been synthesized. According to the FTIR findings, the chemical structure of cellulose synthesized from these agricultural biomasses was not affected by the synthetic approach. According to SEM studies, the synthetic procedure employed affects the morphology/surface topology of synthesized nanocellulose. XRD studies reveal the crystalline and semi-crystalline nature of the synthesized nanocellulose. TEM monographs illustrate the morphology and size of the synthesized nanocellulose ranging from 8 to 17 nm. The thermal stability of nanocellulose is revealed by TGA/DTA studies and the obtained nanocellulose shows thermal stability in the range of 270 to 472 °C. A photocatalytic degradation study was carried out for the synthesized NCs like acid hydrolyzed ragi stalk nano cellulose (AH-RSNC), acid hydrolyzed mango wood nanocellulose (AH-MWNC) and acid hydrolyzed groundnut husk nanocellulose (AH-GHNC) for methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light radiation. For the AH-MWHC sample, the dye removal efficiency was obtained at 80%, which indicated an exceptional better dye degradation percentage when compared to the AH-RSNC and AH-GHNC samples. All photocatalytic activity was recorded using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer.

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The authors declare that no funds, Grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Research Centre, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India

    Prasannakumar Jammapura Kallappa & Basavarajappa Bachi Eshwarappa

  2. Department of Chemistry, STJPU College, Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India

    Prakash Gowdra Kalleshappa

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Davangere, Karnataka, 577004, India

    Suresh Basavarajappa

  4. Department of Chemistry, Research Centre, G M Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi), Davangere, Karnataka, 577005, India

    Virupaxappa S. Betageri

  5. Department of Chemistry, M S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bengaluru, 560054, India

    Bharath Kadlera Devendra

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  1. Prasannakumar Jammapura Kallappa
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by PJK, PGK, BBE, SB, VSB and BKD The first draft of the manuscript was written by PJK and all authors commented on manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Prasannakumar Jammapura Kallappa.

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Kallappa, P.J., Kalleshappa, P.G., Eshwarappa, B.B. et al. Synthesis of cellulose nanofibers from lignocellulosic materials and their photocatalytic dye degradation studies. Int Nano Lett 13, 261–272 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40089-023-00402-7

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