Abstract
We investigated the upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties of CaHfO3 co-doped with Er3+, Ho3+, Tm3+, and Yb3+ to realize white UCL. We first verified that the UCL spectra of Tm3+/Yb3+ co-doped CaHfO3 (Yb3+ functioning as a sensitizer) showed a weak blue emission at 470 nm. It was assigned to the transition 1G4 → 3H6 that occurs via three photon absorption. We combined the blue UCL in Tm3+ with the green and red UCL in Er3+ and Ho3+ in a triply doped CaHfO3. It was observed that the blue UCL of Tm3+ was rather weak to generate a white UCL with the aid of Er3+ and Ho3+. In addition, double-doping with Tm3+ and Ho3+ was optimal for white UCL in CaHfO3. We examined the UCL properties of Tm3+/Ho3+ co-doped CaHfO3 in terms of their dependence on temperature and the concentration of Tm3+. We also discussed the feasibility of realizing white UCL in CaHfO3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
C.R. Ronda, T. Jüstel, H. Nikol, Rare earth phosphors: fundamentals and applications. J. Alloy. Compd. 275–277, 669–676 (1998)
R. Rajeswari, N. Islavath, M. Raghavender, L. Giribabu, Recent progress and emerging applications of rare earth doped phosphor materials for dye-sensitized and perovskite solar cells: a review. Chem. Rec. 20, 65–88 (2020)
P. Du, L. Luo, W. Li, Q. Yue, Upconversion emission in Er-doped and Er/Yb-codoped ferroelectric Na0. 5Bi0. 5TiO3 and its temperature sensing application. J. Appl. Phys. 116, 14102 (2014)
B.S. Shin, H. Lim, S. Jang, D.J. Lee, Y.S. Lee, Substitution-site and ambient annealing dependences of upconversion emission of SrTiO3. Curr. Appl. Phys. 22, 55–60 (2021)
A. Patra, C.S. Friend, R. Kapoor, P.N. Prasad, Effect of crystal nature on upconversion luminescence in Er3+:ZrO2 nanocrystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 284–286 (2003)
J.A. Capobianco, F. Vetrone, J.C. Boyer, A. Speghini, M. Bettinelli, Visible upconversion of Er3+ doped nanocrystalline and bulk Lu2O3. Opt. Mater. 19, 259–268 (2002)
A. Patra, C.S. Friend, R. Kapoor, P.N. Prasad, Fluorescence upconversion properties of Er3+-doped TiO2 and BaTiO3 nanocrystallites. Chem. Mater. 15, 3650–3655 (2003)
X. Zou, T. Izumitani, Spectroscopic properties and mechanisms of excited state absorption and energy transfer upconversion for Er3+-doped glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 162, 68–80 (1993)
C. Zhang, Q. Jiang, X. Wang, J. Liu, Y. Xiao, C. Li, H. Lin, F. Zeng, Z. Su, A novel scheme to acquire enhanced up-conversion emissions of Ho3+ and Yb3+ co-doped Sc2O3. Curr. Appl. Phys. 20, 82–88 (2020)
D.P. Shay, N.J. Podraza, N.J. Donnelly, C.A. Randall, High energy density, high temperature capacitors utilizing Mn-doped 0.8 CaTiO3–0.2 CaHfO3 ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95, 1348–1355 (2012)
H. Fukushima, D. Nakauchi, G. Okada, N. Kawaguchi, T. Yanagida, Synthesis and scintillation properties of Ce-doped CaHfO 3 crystals. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 21033–21039 (2018)
E. Rauwel, A. Galeckas, P. Rauwel, H. Fjellvåg, Unusual photoluminescence of CaHfO3 and SrHfO3 nanoparticles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 1174–1179 (2012)
J. Lim, D. Kim, Y.S. Lee, Near-infrared to visible upconversion emission in Er3+ and Yb3+ Codoped BaHfO3. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 73, 955–959 (2018)
R.D. Shannon, Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides. Acta Crystallogr. A 32, 751–767 (1976)
S. Jang, H. Lim, S.W. Wi, J.H. Park, Y.J. Jeong, J.-S. Chung, W.K. Kang, Y.-J. Kwark, I.W. Kim, H.J. Noh, Y.S. Lee, A-site and B-site substitutions and the emission properties of Eu3+ ions in ABO3–type cubic perovskite: a case study of BaZrO3. Curr. Appl. Phys. 20, 1110–1117 (2020)
S. Schafföner, T. Qin, J. Fruhstorfer, C. Jahn, G. Schmidt, H. Jansen, C.G. Aneziris, Refractory castables for titanium metallurgy based on calcium zirconate. Mater. Des. 148, 78–86 (2018)
G.Y. Chen, Y. Liu, Y.G. Zhang, G. Somesfalean, Z.G. Zhang, Q. Sun, F.P. Wang, Bright white upconversion luminescence in rare-earth-ion-doped Y2O3 nanocrystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 133103 (2007)
V. Mahalingam, F. Mangiarini, F. Vetrone, V. Venkatramu, M. Bettinelli, A. Speghini, J.A. Capobianco, Bright white upconversion emission from Tm3+/Yb3+/Er3+-doped Lu3Ga5O12 nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 17745–17749 (2008)
C. Zhang, C. Li, G. Li, S. Huang, D. Yang, M. Shang, X. Kang, J. Lin, Controllable and white upconversion luminescence in BaYF 5: Ln 3+(Ln= Yb, Er, Tm) nanocrystals. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 717–723 (2011)
M.A. Hassairi, A.G. Garrido Hernández, M. Dammak, D. Zambon, G. Chadeyron, R. Mahiou, Tuning white upconversion emission in GdPO4: Er/Yb/Tm phosphors. J. Lumin. 203, 707–713 (2018)
K. Zheng, D. Zhang, D. Zhao, N. Liu, F. Shi, W. Qin, Bright white upconversion emission from Yb3+, Er3+, and Tm3+-codoped Gd 2 O 3 nanotubes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 12, 7620–7625 (2010)
X.L. Pang, C.H. Jia, G.Q. Li, W.F. Zhang, Bright white upconversion luminescence from Er3+−Tm3+−Yb3+ doped CaSnO3 powders. Opt. Mater. 34, 234–238 (2011)
X. Chen, Y. Li, F. Kong, L. Li, Q. Sun, F. Wang, Red, green, blue and bright white upconversion luminescence of CaTiO3: Er3+/Tm3+/Yb3+ nanocrystals. J. Alloy. Compd. 541, 505–509 (2012)
D. Li, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, G. Shi, G. Liu, Y. Song, White upconversion emission in Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ doped SrMoO4 nanocrystals by high excited state energy transfer. J. Alloy. Compd. 550, 509–513 (2013)
Y. Xu, Y. Wang, L. Shi, L. Xing, X. Tan, Bright white upconversion luminescence in Ho3+/Yb3+/Tm3+ triple doped CaWO4 polycrystals. Opt. Laser Technol. 54, 50–52 (2013)
H. Gong, D. Yang, X. Zhao, E.Y.B. Yun Bun Pun, H. Lin, Upconversion color tunability and white light generation in Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+ doped aluminum germanate glasses. Opt. Mater. 32, 554–559 (2010)
E.H. Song, S. Ding, M. Wu, S. Ye, Z.T. Chen, Y.Y. Ma, Q.Y. Zhang, Tunable white upconversion luminescence from Yb3+-Tm 3+-Mn 2+ tri-doped perovskite nanocrystals. Opt. Mater. Express 4, 1186–1196 (2014)
F.W. Ostermayer Jr., J.P. Van der Ziel, H.M. Marcos, L.G. Van Uitert, J.E. Geusic, Frequency upconversion in YF 3: Yb3+, Tm3+. Phys. Rev. Part B 3, 2698–2705 (1971)
H. Zhang, X. Fu, S. Niu, G. Sun, Q. Xin, Photoluminescence of YVO4: Tm phosphor prepared by a polymerizable complex method. Solid State Commun. 132, 527–531 (2004)
Y. Kawamoto, R. Kanno, J. Qiu, Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in transparent SiO2-PbF2-ErF3 glass ceramics. J. Mater. Sci. 33, 63–67 (1998)
D. Gao, X. Zhang, H. Zheng, W. Gao, E. He, Yb3+/Er3+ codoped β-NaYF4 microrods: synthesis and tuning of multicolor upconversion. J. Alloy. Compd. 554, 395–399 (2013)
H. Li, Y. Zhang, L. Shao, P. Yuan, X. Xia, Influence of pump power and doping concentration for optical temperature sensing based on BaZrO3:Yb3+/Ho3+ ceramics. J. Lumin. 192, 999–1003 (2017)
J.A. Capobianco, J.C. Boyer, F. Vetrone, A. Speghini, M. Bettinelli, Optical spectroscopy and upconversion studies of Ho3+-doped bulk and nanocrystalline Y2O3. Chem. Mater. 14, 2915–2921 (2002)
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2021R1F1A1048755).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeong, MJ., Lee, KC. & Lee, Y.S. White upconversion emission in CaHfO3 with codoping of Er3+, Ho3+, and Tm3+. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 80, 1126–1132 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-022-00457-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-022-00457-3