Abstract
Although the research on divertors and scrape-off layers (SOLs) has been not as focused on as the recent success of the Korean fusion program, a few linear plasma devices have been developed for simulating divertor and SOL plasmas: (1) diversified plasma simulator (DiPS), a versatile linear machine, has been developed for simulations of divertor and space plasmas with various electric probes, such as single, triple, and Mach Probes and gridded energy analyzer. DiPS consists of two major parts: a divertor plasma simulator with a \(\hbox {LaB}_6\) DC plasma source and a space plasma simulator with a helicon RF plasma source, (2) divertor plasma simulator-1 (DiPS-1) is a part of DiPS with only a \(\hbox {LaB}_6\) cathode, where a low-power laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is added and more electric probe diagnostics are augmented; it is dedicated only for fusion edge and divertor plasmas, (3) Divertor Plasma Simulator-2 (DiPS-2) has been modified from the DiPS-1 by adding a magnetic nozzle with a limiter structure and by removing the helicon source and space chamber. DiPS-2 is a linear plasma device with a 4-inch \(\hbox {LaB}_6\) cathode, the same as DiPS-1, and it is focused on the development of various diagnostics, such as those used for LIF and laser Thomson scattering (LTS) along with various electric probes, on the divertor and scrape-off plasmas and on the plasma-material interaction (PMI) research, such as that of tungsten and graphite as plasma-facing components (PFCs), (4) A Multi-Purpose Plasma (\(\hbox {MP}^2\)) device is a renovation of the Hanbit mirror device [Kwon et al., Nucl. Fusion 43, 686 (2003)] with the installation of two plasma sources: \(\hbox {LaB}_6\) (DC) and helicon (RF) plasma sources. A honeycomb-like large-area \(\hbox {LaB}_6\) (HLA-\(\hbox {LaB}_6\)) cathode has been developed for the divertor plasma simulation to improve the resistance against the thermal shock fragility for large (8-inch) and high density plasma generation, (5) DiPS-2 has been augmented by adding another cylindrical device, called the Dust interaction with Surfaces Chamber (DiSC) for the generation and diagnostics of dusts. This combined system (DiPS-2+DiSC) has added two more diagnostics: Laser Photo-Detachment (LPD) for dust density and laser Mie Scattering (LMS) for dust size. Moreover, dusts or negative ions have been analyzed by using electric probes and capacitive diagram gauges in Transport and Removal of Dusts (TReD) device.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
G. Federici, C.H. Skinner, J.N. Brooks, J.P. Coad, C. Grisolia, A.A. Haasz, A. Hassanein, V. Philipps, C.S. Pitcher, J. Roth, W.R. Wampler, W.G. Whyte, Nucl. Fusion 41, 1967 (2001)
G. Federici, A. Andrew, P. Barabaschi, J. Brooks, R. Doener, A. Geier, A. Herrmann, G. Janeschitz, K. Krieger, A. Kukushkin, A. Loarte, R. Neu, G. Saibene, M. Shimada, G. Strohmayer, M. Sugihara, J. Nucl. Mater. 11, 313–316 (2003)
N. Asakura, H. Takenaga, S. Sakurai, G.D. Porter, T.D. Rognlien, M.E. Rensink, K. Shimizu, S. Higashijima, H. Kubo, Nucl. Fusion 44, 503 (2004)
B. Lipschultz, D. Whyte, B. LaBombard, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, 1559 (2005)
N. Smick, B. LaBombard, C. Pitcher, J. Nucl. Mater. 281, 337–339 (2005)
J.P. Coad, N. Bekris, J.D. Elder, S.K. Erents, D.E. Hole, K.D. Lawson, G.F. Matthews, R.D. Penzhorn, P.C. Stangeby, J. Nucl. Mater. 224, 290–293 (2001)
R. A. Pitts, J. P. Coad, D. P. Coster, G. Federici, W. Fundamenski, J. Horacek, K. Krieger, A. Kukushkin, J. Likonen, G. F. Matthews, M. Rubel, J. D. Strachan, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion. JET-EFDA contrib. 47, B303 (2005)
B. Lipschultz, D.A. Pappas, B. LaBombard, J.E. Rice, D. Smith, S.J. Wukitch, Nucl. Fusion 41, 585 (2001)
R.A. Causey, J. Nucl. Mater. 300, 91 (2002)
J. Winter, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 46, B583 (2004)
C. Voinier, C.H. Skinner, A.L. Roquemore, J. Nulc. Mater. 346, 266 (2005)
F. Le Guern, S. Ciattaglia, G. Counsell, J. Kim, M. Walsh, A. Denkevitz, N. Endstrasser, H. Exenberger, E. Gauthier, T. Jordan. L. Kammerloher, M. Kuznetsov, R. Neu, R. Redlinger, B. Reiter, V. Rohde, Z. Xu, R&D on in-vessel dust and tritium management in ITER. 2011 IEEE/NPSS 24th Symposium on Fusion Engineering, June 26-30, SP1-24, IEEE Conference Publications (2011)
D.M. Goebel, G. Campbell, R.W. Conn, J. Nucl. Mater. 121, 277 (1984)
Y. Hirooka, R.W. Conn, T. Sketchley, W.K. Leung, G. Chevaller, R. Doerner, J. Elverum, D.M. Goebel, G. Gunner, M. Khandagle, B. Labombard, R. Lehmer, P. Luong, Y. Ra, L. Schmitz, G. Tynan, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 8, 1790 (1990)
M. Shimada, R.D. Kolasinski, J.P. Sharpe, R.A. Causey, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82, 083503 (2011)
G.M. Wright, D.G. White, B. Lipshultz, J. Nucl. Mater. 390–391, 544 (2009)
J. Rapp, Fusion Sci. Technol. 72, 211 (2017)
H. Meyer, S. Klose, G. Fussmann, Phys. Rev. E 61, 4347 (2000)
B. de Groot, R. S. Al, R. Engeln, W. J. Goedheer, O. G. Kruijt, H. J. v. D. Meiden, P. R. Prins, D. C. Schram, P. H. M. Smeets, V. P. Veremiyenko, W. A. J. Vijver, J. Westerhout, A. W. Kleyn, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, G. J. van Rooij, Fusion Eng. Des. 82, 1861 (2007)
J. Rapp, W. R. Koppers, H. J. N. van Eck, G. J. van Rooij, W. J. Goedheer, B. de Groot, R. Al, M. F. Graswinckel, M. A. van den Berg, O. Kruyt, P. Smeets, H. J. van der Meiden, W. Vijvers, J. Scholten, M. van de Pol, S. Brons, W. Melissen, T. van der Grift, R. Koch, B. Schweer, U. Samm, V. Philipps, R. A. H. Engeln, D. C. Schram, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, A. W. Kleyn, Fusion Eng. Des. 85, 1455 (2010)
G. De Temmerman, M.A. van den Berg, J. Scholten, A. Lof, H.J. van der Meiden, H.J.N. van Eck, T.W. Morgan, T.M. de Kruijf, P.A. Zeijlmans van Emmichoven, J.J. ZielinskiFOM, Fusion Eng. Des. 88, 483 (2013)
M.G. Rusbridge, G. Sewell, H. Qaosim, D.A. Forder, M. Kay, A. Randewich, A. Mirarefin, P.K. Borwning, K.J. Gibson, J. Hugill, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 42, 579 (2000)
L. Laguardia, R. Caniello, A. Cremona, D. Dellasega, F. Dell’Era, F. Ghezzi, G. Gittini, G. Granucci, V. Mellera, D. Minelli, F. Pallotta, M. Passoni, D. Ricci, E. Vassallo, J. Nucl. Mater. 463, 680 (2015)
A.M. Litnovsky, B.I. Khripunov, G.V. Sholin, V.B. Petrov, V.V. Shapkin, N.V. Antonov, J. Nucl. Mater. 1107, 290–293 (2015)
Y. Nakashima, M. Sakamoto, H. Takeda, K. Ichimura, Y. Hosoda, M. Iwamoto, K. Shimizu, K. Hosoi, K. Oki, M. Yoshikawa, M. Hirata, R. Ikezoe, T. Imai, T. Kariya, I. Katanuma, J. Kohagura, R. Minami, T. Numakura, X. Wang, M. Ichimura, Fusion Sci. Technol. 68, 28 (2015)
S. Kajita, S. Kado, N. Uchida, T. Shikama, S. Tanaka, J. Nucl. Mater. 748, 313–316 (2003)
N. Ohno, D. Nishijima, S. Takamura, Y. Uesugi, M. Motoyama, N. Hattori, H. Arakawa, N. Ezumi, S. Krasheninnikov, A. Pigarov, U. Wenzel, Nucl. Fusion 41, 1055 (2001)
S. Kajita, N. Ohno, T. Akiyama, T. Nihashi, T. Uchiyama, M. Osaka, Y. Kikuchi, M. Nagata, J. Nucl. Mater. 438, S707 (2013)
T. Kaneko, N. Ohno, Y. Nakamura, M. Yamagiwa, N. Matsunami, S. Kajita, M. Takagi, Plasma Fusion Res. 10, 1402009 (2015)
A. Tonegawa, M. Ono, Y. Morihira, H. Ogawa, T. Shibuya, K. Kawamura, K. Takayama, J. Nucl. Mater. 1046, 313–316 (2003)
G.-H. Lu, L. Cheng, K. Arshad, Y. Yuan, J. Wang, S. Qin, Y. Zhang, K. Zhu, G.-N. Luo, H. Zhou, B. Li, J. Wu, B. Wang, Fusion Sci. Technol. 71, 177 (2017)
H.-S. Zhou, X.-G. Yuan, B. Li, H.-D. Liu, G.-N. Luo, J.-L. Chen, Y.-T. Song, J. Fusion Ener. 39, 355 (2020)
M. Kakati, T. Sarmah, N. Aomoa, G. Sabavath, P. Dihingia, M. Rahman, J. Ghosh, Y.C. Saxena, B. Satpati, G. Sharma, A. Gupta, G. De Temmerman, Nucl. Fusion 59, 112008 (2019)
B.D. Blackwell, J.F. Caneses, C.M. Samuell, J. Wach, J. Howard, C. Corr, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 21, 055033 (2012)
K.-S. Chung, H.-J. Woo, S.-G. Cho, Y.-S. Choi, S.-H. Han, B.-G. Hong, S.-H. Hong, H.-S. Kim, S.-J. Noh, T. Lho, S.-J. Park, H.-J. You, Fusion Sci. Technol. 63, 16 (2013)
K.-S. Chung, H.-J. Woo, G.-S. Choi, J.-J. Do, Y.-J. Seo, H.-J. You, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, 354 (2006)
I.J. Kang, M.-K. Bae, T. Lho, K.-S. Chung, Curr. Appl. Phys. 17, 358 (2017)
S. Cho, T. Lho, H.G. Choi, M.-K. Bae, I.J. Kang, D.H. Lee, S.K. Joo, K.-S. Chung, Fusion Sci. Technol. 68, 157 (2015)
H.-J. Woo, K.-S. Chung, H.-J. You, M.-J. Lee, T. Lho, K.K. Choh, J.-S. Yoon, Y.H. Jung, B. Lee, S.J. Yoo, M. Kwon, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 78, 103505 (2007)
I.J. Kang, K.Y. Lee, K.I. Lee, Y.-S. Choi, S.G. Cho, M.K. Bae, D.-H. Lee, S.H. Hong, T. Lho, K.-S. Chung, J. Intsrum. C 10, 12019 (2019)
Y. Lim, Y.S. You, W. Lee, B. Ahn, S.Y. Moon, B. Kim, H.-J. Woo, T. Lho, W. Choe, Y.-C. Ghim, Plasma Source Sci. Technol. 29, 115012 (2020)
K.-B. Chai, D.-H. Kwon, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 62, 035007 (2020)
F. P. Incropera, D. P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 4th ed (Wiley, New York, 1996) Chap. 12–13
T. D. Akhmetov, V. I. Davydenko, A. A. Ivanov, A. Kreter, V. V. Mishagin, V. Ya, Savkin, G. I. Shulzhenko, B. Unterberg, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 87, 056106 (2016)
K.-S. Chung, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 3451 (1991)
I.H. Hutchinson, Control. Fusion Plasma Phys. 44, 1953 (2002)
K.-S. Chung, H.-J. Woo, Y.-S. Choi, M.-J. Lee, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 48, 430 (2008)
K.-S. Chung, I.H. Hutchinson, Phys. Rev. A 38, 4721 (1988)
R.C. Bissel, P.C. Johnson, Phys. Fluids 30, 779 (1984)
G.A. Emmert, R.M. Wieland, A.T. Mense, J.N. Davidson, Phys. Fluids 23, 803 (1980)
S. Kado, Y. Iida, S. Kajita, D. Yamasaki, A. Okamoto, B. Xiao, T. Shikama, T. Oishi, S. Tanaka, J. Plasma Fusion Res. 81, 810 (2005)
S.I. Krasheninnikov, A.Y. Pigarov, D.J. Sigmar, Phys. Lett. A 214, 285 (1996)
S.I. Krasheninnikov, J. Nucl. Mater. 241–243, 283 (1997)
Y.-S. Choi, K.-S. Chung, H.-J. Woo, M.-J. Lee, T. Lho, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. A 42, 225205 (2009)
E.-K. Park, H.-J. Woo, K.-S. Chung, H. Tanaka, S. Kajita, N. Ohno, Curr. Appl. Phys. 12, 1497 (2012)
P.C. Stangeby, Phys. Fluids 27, 2699 (1984)
K.-S. Chung, S. Kado, Phys. Plasmas 13, 104509 (2006)
S.Y. Kang, T.H. Chung, K.-S. Chung, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80, 013502 (2009)
H. Amemiya, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 1 25, 595 (1986)
F.F. Chen, Plasma Diagnostic Techniques, edited by R. H. Huddlestone and S. L. Leonard (Academic, New York, 1965), p. 134
H.M. Mott-Smith, I. Langmuir, Phys. Rev. 28, 727 (1926)
M. Shindo, S. Uchino, R. Ichiki, S. Yoshimura, Y. Kawai, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 2288 (2001)
R.L.F. Boyd, J.B. Thompson, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 252, 102 (1959)
H. Amemiya, J. Phys. D 23, 999 (1990)
T.E. Sheridan, P. Chabert, R.W. Boswell, Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 8, 457 (1999)
M. Tuszewski, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 8967 (1996)
J. T. Gudmundsson, Ph.D. thesis, University of California at Berkeley (1996)
Y.H. Jung, J.-S. Yoon, S.J. Yoo, Y.-W. Kim, T. Lho, B. Lee, J.-J. Do, H.-J. Woo, K.-S. Chung, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 46, 460 (2006)
H.-J. Woo, K.-S. Chung, T. Lho, R. McWilliams, J. Kor. Phys. Soc. 48, 260 (2006)
A.M. Keesee, E.E. Scime, R.F. Boivin, Rev. Sci. Instum. 75, 4091 (2004)
M.J. van de Sande, J.J.A.M. van der Mullen, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 35, 1381 (2002)
T. Matsoukas, M. Russell, J. Appl. Phys. 77, 4285 (1995)
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT&Future Planning (2019M1A7A1A03088471). This research was partially supported by the R&D Program of ”Plasma Convergence and Fundamental Research (1711124796)” through the Korea Institute of Fusion Energy (KFE) funded by the Government of the Republic of Korea.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Woo, HJ., Park, I.S., Kang, I.J. et al. Development of plasma sources and diagnostics for the simulation of fusion edge plasmas. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 80, 735–758 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00374-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-021-00374-x