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A systematic review of chromogranin A (CgA) and its biomedical applications, unveiling its structure-related functions

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Abstract

Chromogranin A (CgA), which is an intrinsically disordered protein that belongs to the granin family, was first discovered in the bovine adrenal medulla, and later identified in various organs. Under certain physiological conditions, CgA is cleaved into functionally diverse peptides, such as vasostatin-1, pancreastatin, and catestatin. In this review, we first describe the historical and systematic challenges for elucidating the molecular structures of CgA and its derived peptides and give a perspective of utilizing emerging techniques through integrative approaches. Subsequently, we review specific biological processes associated with CgA and its derived peptides in the neuroendocrine, immune, and digestive systems. Finally, we discuss biomedical applications of CgA as a biomarker, suggesting future directions toward translational and precision medicine.

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Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Dr. Hansol Lee (Oh laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) and Dr. Kyusung Choi (Jeong laboratory, Graduate School of Medical science and Engineering, KAIST) for their invaluable assistance with the peer review before submission.

Funding

This study was supported by Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST; G04180038), the KAIST Advanced Institute for Science-X Challenge (N11200065), KAIST Grand Challenge 30 project (KC30; N11200138), and National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF; 2019R1F1A1063373, 2020R1A2C1013246, 2020K1A3A7A09080399, and 2020R1A4A3079755), and the Basic Science Research Program through NRF (2019R1A6A1A10073887).

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  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, 08826, South Korea

    Kyuhyung Choi

  2. Department of Physics and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, South Korea

    Manhyuk Han & Seung Joong Kim

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  1. Kyuhyung Choi
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K.H.C. and S.J.K. were responsible for the study design; K.H.C. and M.H.H. contributed to data collection, analysis, and interpretation; K.H.C. contributed to generating figures and tables; K.H.C, M.H.H, and S.J.K. wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kyuhyung Choi or Seung Joong Kim.

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Choi, K., Han, M. & Kim, S.J. A systematic review of chromogranin A (CgA) and its biomedical applications, unveiling its structure-related functions. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 78, 427–441 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40042-020-00042-6

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