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Experimental Studies of Failure in L-Shaped Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Under Pullout and Four-Point Bending

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Abstract

Composite materials are used in place of conventional metals to create complex, homogeneous structures that are lightweight and extremely durable. It has been observed that the curved section of a complex structure is the weakest, with the greatest stress concentration occurring in the L-shaped curved section with uniform thickness. In this work, L-shaped woven carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates were fabricated by hand layup method with a stacking sequence of [90°/0°/45°/−45°/90°/0°/45°/−45°]S. The fabricated laminates were experimentally tested under pullout and 4-point bending loads according to ASTM D6415 and modified ASTMD6415, respectively. The average load capacity of the specimen for the pullout test was 496.4 N. For the 4-point bending test, the average load capacity was 857.4 N. A Nikon DSLR camera was used to record the onset and progression of damage. In these tests, matrix cracking occurs mainly before and after the 90° lamina, while delamination occurs mainly at the 0°/45°, 90°/0°, and 45°/0° interfaces. This is due to the fact that in the 4-point bending test, the maximum compressive stresses occur in the contact area and the stresses are transmitted through the matrix to the fiber. An optical microscope was used to examine the microstructures of the specimens before and after the experimental tests. It was found that the failure was caused by cracks in the matrix leading to delamination failure. Other failures such as fiber breakage, cracks in the matrix, fiber splitting, and delamination were also observed with the optical microscope.

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Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Inida, Ms Soma PUF Metal Pvt. Ltd., Jamshedpur and Auto Cluster Jamshedpur for providing facilities and necessary support in fabricating composite laminates and conducting experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, 831014, India

    Bipin Kumar Chaurasia, Deepak Kumar & Mani Kant Paswan

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  1. Bipin Kumar Chaurasia
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Correspondence to Deepak Kumar.

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Chaurasia, B.K., Kumar, D. & Paswan, M.K. Experimental Studies of Failure in L-Shaped Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite Under Pullout and Four-Point Bending. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. D 104, 569–579 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-022-00411-4

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