Abstract
Floods are generally associated with the calamitous impacts in the country like India. For the assessments of flood peak magnitude, the most common method adopted is the flood frequency analysis. In this case study the four common methods namely Gumbel Max, Generalized Extreme Value (GEV), Log Pearson type 3 (LP3) and Log10 Normal distribution are adopted to analyze the flood frequency and flood recurrence for the Mahanadi River. River discharge values from 1979 to 2018 (40 years) for different gauging stations namely Ghatora, Rajim, Kesinga, Kotni, Kantamal and Jondhra located in the basin are analyzed. Two goodness-of-fit tests namely Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Chi-squared are employed for appropriate probability distribution modelling of flood at 5% level of significance. The outcomes reveal that the Log Pearson type 3 (LP3) is the best fit for Rajim, Jondhra, Kantamal, Kesinga and Kotni monitoring stations and Log10 Normal is found to be the best fit for the Ghatora monitoring station. Importance of the current study lies in predicting the design flow values based on the recurrence interval after analyzing with the applicable distribution for the monitoring station concerned.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
(Source: WRIS) (color figure online)
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Benameur, A. Benkhaled, D. Meraghni, F. Chebana, A. Necir, Complete flood frequency analysis in Abiod watershed, Biskra (Algeria). Nat. Hazards 86(2), 519–534 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2703-4
N. Millington, S. Das, S. P. Simonovic, The comparison of GEV, log-Pearson type 3 and Gumbel distributions in the upper Thames River watershed under global climate models. Water Resources Research Report, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Western Ontario. http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/wrrr/40/
B. Renard, K. Kochanek, M. Lang, F. Garavaglia, E. Paquet, L. Neppel, A. Auffray et al., Data-based comparison of frequency analysis methods: a general framework. Water Resour. Res. 49(2), 825–843 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20087
V. Kamal, S. Mukherjee, P. Singh, R. Sen, C.A. Vishwakarma, P. Sajadi, V. Rena, Flood frequency analysis of Ganga river at Haridwar and Garhmukteshwar. Appl Water Sci 7(4), 1979–1986 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0378-3
V.T. Chow, D.R. Maidment, L.W. Mays, Applied Hydrology (McGraw Hill Publication, 1988)
B. Saghafian, S. Golian, A. Ghasemi, Flood frequency analysis based on simulated peak discharges. Nat. Hazards 71(1), 403–417 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0925-2
D.R. Helsel, R.M. Hirsch, Statistical Methods in Water Resources (United States Geological Survey, 2010). http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/twri/twri4a3
M.S. Bhat, A. Alam, B. Ahmad, B.S. Kotlia, H. Farooq, A.K. Taloor, S. Ahmad, Flood frequency analysis of river Jhelum in Kashmir basin. Quat. Int. 507, 288–294 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2018.09.039
M. Farooq, M. Shafique, M.S. Khattak, Flood frequency analysis of river swat using Log Pearson type 3, Generalized Extreme Value, Normal, and Gumbel Max distribution methods. Arab. J. Geosci. 11(9), 216 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-018-3553-z
S. Rahman, A. Rahman, M.A. Zaman, K. Haddad, A. Ahsan, M.A. Imteaz, A study on selection of probability distributions for at-site flood frequency analysis in Australia. Nat. Hazards 69(3), 1803–1813 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0775-y
N. Guru, R. Jha, Flood frequency analysis of Tel Basin of Mahanadi River System, India using annual maximum and POT flood data. Aquat Procedia 4, 427–434 (2015)
B. Panigrahi, D. Paramjita, M. Giri, J.C. Paul, Frequency analysis for prediction of maximum flood discharge in Mahanadi River Basin. Int. J. Microbiol. App. Sci. 9(8), 3626–3639 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.908.418
A. Sahoo, D.K. Ghose, Flood frequency analysis for menace gauging station of Mahanadi River, India. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 102, 737–748 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-021-00544-x
P. P. Mujumdar, NPTEL Course on Stochastic Hydrology (IISC, 2012). https://nptel.ac.in/
Funding
The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Khushal Choubisa, Sathyanathan Rangarajan and Shashwata Chatterjee. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Khushal Choubisa and Shashwata Chatterjee. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Choubisa, K., Rangarajan, S. & Chatterjee, S. Flood Frequency Analysis of River Mahanadi, India. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-024-00805-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-024-00805-5