Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A Cutting-Edge Examination of the Dichotomy of Electric Vehicles as a Symbol of “Sustainable Mobility” and “Clean Energy”

  • REVIEW PAPER
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The transportation industry is responsible for 14.2% of total Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with road transport accounting for 12.5%; henceforth, a rapid transition to Electric vehicle (EV) is required. It is anticipated that a complete transition from conventional to electric vehicles will reduce GHG emissions from road transport by over half. However, EV penetration rates are low, so many parameters that hinder adoption are still unknown. Developing countries lack peer-reviewed journals for extensive research, and researchers have limited access to technology. With the objective of portraying worldwide research to help researchers in developing countries. As a result, a literature review of 105 papers published in the last decade focussed on EV adoption, charging infrastructure, incentives and policies, consumer acceptability, user preferences, user perception, barriers, and GHG emissions. Matrix analysis is used to investigate the main factors affecting the adoption of electric vehicles for green and clean energy. The study’s conclusions indicate that developed countries have adopted technology at a far faster rate than developing ones, particularly in the areas of well laid charging infrastructure and government incentives. The findings will not only help researchers and policymakers understand the key enablers and drivers that influence the global adoption of electric vehicles, but they will also help achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as SDG 7 for affordable and clean energy and SDGs 11 and 13 to achieve sustainable cities, improve air quality; and thus, combat climate change’s effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. M. Ge, J. Friedrich, L. Vigna, 5 Facts about Country & Sector GHG Emissions, World Resources Institute (WRI). (2021). https://www.wri.org/insights/4-charts-explain-greenhouse-gas-emissions-countries-and-sectors (Accessed 22 June 2022)

  2. COP26, COP26 Summary Report- UNFCCC, IETA. (2021). https://www.ieta.org/resources/Resources/COP/COP26-Summary-Report.pdf (Accessed 22 June 2022)

  3. I. Energy Agency, Global EV Outlook 2020, n.d

  4. IEA 2021, Global EV Policy Explorer, IEA, Paris, 2021. https://www.iea.org/articles/global-ev-policy-explorer (Accessed 5 January 2022)

  5. L. Noel, A. Papu Carrone, A.F. Jensen, G. Zarazua de Rubens, J. Kester, B.K. Sovacool, Willingness to pay for electric vehicles and vehicle-to-grid applications: a Nordic choice experiment. Energy Econ. 78, 525–534 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2018.12.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Greaves, H. Backman, A.B. Ellison, An empirical assessment of the feasibility of battery electric vehicles for day-to-day driving. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 66, 226–237 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.05.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. R. Wang, X. Li, C. Xu, F. Li, Study on location decision framework of electric vehicle battery swapping station: using a hybrid MCDM method. Sustain. Cities Soc. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102149

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. N. Shanmugavel, M. Micheal, Exploring the marketing related stimuli and personal innovativeness on the purchase intention of electric vehicles through technology acceptance model. Cleaner Logistics Supply Chain. 3, 100029 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clscn.2022.100029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Patil, B.B. Majumdar, Prioritizing key attributes influencing electric two-wheeler usage: a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approach—A case study of Hyderabad, India, Case Stud Transp. Policy 9, 913–929 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.04.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. V.V. Krishnan, B.I. Koshy, Evaluating the factors influencing purchase intention of electric vehicles in households owning conventional vehicles, Case Stud Transp. Policy 9, 1122–1129 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.05.013

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Chhikara, R. Garg, S. Chhabra, U. Karnatak, G. Agrawal, Factors affecting adoption of electric vehicles in India: An exploratory study. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Irfan, M. Ahmad, Relating consumers’ information and willingness to buy electric vehicles: does personality matter? Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.103049

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R.R. Kumar, K. Alok, Adoption of electric vehicle: a literature review and prospects for sustainability. J. Clean. Prod. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119911

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. P. Christidis, C. Focas, Factors affecting the uptake of hybrid and electric vehicles in the European Union. Energies (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/en12183414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S.M. Skippon, N. Kinnear, L. Lloyd, J. Stannard, How experience of use influences mass-market drivers’ willingness to consider a battery electric vehicle: a randomised controlled trial. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 92, 26–42 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.034

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. M.S. Hasnine, A. Dianat, K.N. Habib, Investigating the factors affecting the distance travel and health conditions of e-bike users in Toronto. Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2020.100265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A.G. Abo-Khalil, M.A. Abdelkareem, E.T. Sayed, H.M. Maghrabie, A. Radwan, H. Rezk, A.G. Olabi, Electric vehicle impact on energy industry, policy, technical barriers, and power systems. Int. J. Thermofluids (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2022.100134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Goel, R. Sharma, A.K. Rathore, A review on barrier and challenges of electric vehicle in India and vehicle to grid optimisation. Transp. Eng.. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2021.100057

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. D. Guler, T. Yomralioglu, Suitable location selection for the electric vehicle fast charging station with AHP and fuzzy AHP methods using GIS. Ann. GIS 26, 169–189 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/19475683.2020.1737226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. R. Wolbertus, R. van den Hoed, M. Kroesen, C. Chorus, Charging infrastructure roll-out strategies for large scale introduction of electric vehicles in urban areas: an agent-based simulation study. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 148, 262–285 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. G. Napoli, A. Polimeni, S. Micari, L. Andaloro, V. Antonucci, Optimal allocation of electric vehicle charging stations in a highway network: part 1 Methodology and test application. J. Energy Storage. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.101102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. J.E. Anderson, M. Lehne, M. Hardinghaus, What electric vehicle users want: real-world preferences for public charging infrastructure. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 12, 341–352 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2017.1372538

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. D. Yang, N.J.S. Sarma, M.F. Hyland, R. Jayakrishnan, Dynamic modeling and real-time management of a system of EV fast-charging stations. Transp. Res. C Emerg. Technol. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Z. Cao, X. Zhang, K. Chua, H. Yu, J. Zhao, E-scooter sharing to serve short-distance transit trips: a Singapore case. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 147, 177–196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.03.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. K. Rommel, J. Sagebiel, Are consumer preferences for attributes of alternative vehicles sufficiently accounted for in current policies? Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. R. Santarromana, J. Mendonça, A.M. Dias, The effectiveness of decarbonizing the passenger transport sector through monetary incentives. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 138, 442–462 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.06.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Ghasri, A. Ardeshiri, T. Rashidi, Perception towards electric vehicles and the impact on consumers’ preference. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 77, 271–291 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. D.C. Jang, B. Kim, S.Y. Lee, A two-sided market platform analysis for the electric vehicle adoption: firm strategies and policy design. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 62, 646–658 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.02.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K.Y. Bjerkan, T.E. Nørbech, M.E. Nordtømme, Incentives for promoting battery electric vehicle (BEV) adoption in Norway. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 43, 169–180 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2015.12.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. A.C. Mersky, F. Sprei, C. Samaras, Z.S. Qian, Effectiveness of incentives on electric vehicle adoption in Norway. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 46, 56–68 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2016.03.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. J.P. Helveston, Y. Liu, E.M.D. Feit, E. Fuchs, E. Klampfl, J.J. Michalek, Will subsidies drive electric vehicle adoption? Measuring consumer preferences in the U.S. and China. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 73, 96–112 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. W. Sierzchula, Factors influencing fleet manager adoption of electric vehicles. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 31, 126–134 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2014.05.022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. W. Sierzchula, S. Bakker, K. Maat, B. van Wee, The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption. Energy Policy 68, 183–194 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2014.01.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Diamond, The impact of government incentives for hybrid-electric vehicles: evidence from US states. Energy Policy 37, 972–983 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.09.094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. M.A. Melliger, O.P.R. van Vliet, H. Liimatainen, Anxiety vs reality—Sufficiency of battery electric vehicle range in Switzerland and Finland. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 65, 101–115 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.08.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. T. Franke, I. Neumann, F. Bühler, P. Cocron, J.F. Krems, Experiencing range in an electric vehicle: understanding psychological barriers. Appl. Psychol. 61, 368–391 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00474.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. E. Costa, A. Horta, A. Correia, J. Seixas, G. Costa, D. Sperling, Diffusion of electric vehicles in Brazil from the stakeholders’ perspective. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 15, 865–878 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1827317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. M. Rupp, C. Rieke, N. Handschuh, I. Kuperjans, Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. T. Okada, T. Tamaki, S. Managi, Effect of environmental awareness on purchase intention and satisfaction pertaining to electric vehicles in Japan. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 67, 503–513 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.01.012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. W. Li, P. Stanula, P. Egede, S. Kara, C. Herrmann, Determining the Main Factors Influencing the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles in the Usage Phase, in: Procedia CIRP, Elsevier B.V., pp. 352–357. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.03.014

  41. M. Zhou, P. Long, N. Kong, L. Zhao, F. Jia, K.S. Campy, Characterizing the motivational mechanism behind taxi driver’s adoption of electric vehicles for living: insights from China. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 144, 134–152 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.01.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. F. Liao, G. Correia, Electric carsharing and micromobility: a literature review on their usage pattern, demand, and potential impacts. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 16, 269–286 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1861394

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Globisch, E. Dütschke, J. Schleich, Acceptance of electric passenger cars in commercial fleets. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 116, 122–129 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.06.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. N. Berkeley, D. Jarvis, A. Jones, Analysing the take up of battery electric vehicles: an investigation of barriers amongst drivers in the UK. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 63, 466–481 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2018.06.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. M.E. Biresselioglu, M. Demirbag Kaplan, B.K. Yilmaz, Electric mobility in Europe: a comprehensive review of motivators and barriers in decision making processes. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 109, 1–13 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.01.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. S. Steinhilber, P. Wells, S. Thankappan, Socio-technical inertia: understanding the barriers to electric vehicles. Energy Policy 60, 531–539 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. H. Quak, N. Nesterova, T. van Rooijen, Possibilities and Barriers for Using Electric-powered Vehicles in City Logistics Practice, in Transportation Research Procedia, Elsevier B.V., pp. 157–169. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.02.055

  48. S. Hardman, E. Shiu, R. Steinberger-Wilckens, Comparing high-end and low-end early adopters of battery electric vehicles. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 88, 40–57 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.03.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Ş İmre, D. Çelebi, F. Koca, Understanding barriers and enablers of electric vehicles in urban freight transport: addressing stakeholder needs in Turkey. Sustain Cities Soc. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. G. Napoli, A. Polimeni, S. Micari, G. Dispenza, V. Antonucci, L. Andaloro, Freight distribution with electric vehicles: a case study in Sicily. Delivery van development. Transp. Eng. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2021.100048

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. G. Napoli, S. Micari, G. Dispenza, L. Andaloro, V. Antonucci, A. Polimeni, Freight distribution with electric vehicles: a case study in Sicily RES, infrastructures and vehicle routing. Transp. Eng. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.treng.2021.100047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. J. van Duin, L. Tavasszy, H. Quak, Towards E(lectric)-urban freight: first promising steps in the electric vehicle revolution, European Transport\Trasporti Europei. (2013). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268509461.

  53. L. Li, Z. Wang, L. Chen, Z. Wang, Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: a choice experimental survey in China. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.11.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. X. Zhao, Y. Ma, S. Shao, T. Ma, What determines consumers’ acceptance of electric vehicles: a survey in Shanghai, China. Energy Econ. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105805

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. N. Fantom, U. Serajuddin, The World Bank’s Classification of Countries by Income. (2016). http://econ.worldbank.org

  56. M. Venkadavarahan, S. Marisamynathan, Estimation of rider’s shifting intention for electric bike adoption: an integrated choice and latent variable approach. Transp. Lett. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/19427867.2021.2000815

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. S. Nordhoff, R. Madigan, B. van Arem, N. Merat, R. Happee, Interrelationships among predictors of automated vehicle acceptance: a structural equation modelling approach. Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci. 22, 383–408 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2020.1814446

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. R.M. Berliner, S. Hardman, G. Tal, Uncovering early adopter’s perceptions and purchase intentions of automated vehicles: insights from early adopters of electric vehicles in California. Transp. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 60, 712–722 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.11.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. W. Chu, M. Im, M.R. Song, J. Park, Psychological and behavioral factors affecting electric vehicle adoption and satisfaction: a comparative study of early adopters in China and Korea. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 76, 1–18 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.09.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  60. O. Egbue, S. Long, Barriers to widespread adoption of electric vehicles: an analysis of consumer attitudes and perceptions. Energy Policy 48, 717–729 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.06.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. G. Krishna, Understanding and identifying barriers to electric vehicle adoption through thematic analysis. Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2021.100364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Y. Kwon, S. Son, K. Jang, User satisfaction with battery electric vehicles in South Korea. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. J. Thøgersen, J.V. Ebsen, Perceptual and motivational reasons for the low adoption of electric cars in Denmark. Transp. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 65, 89–106 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2019.07.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. C. Morton, J. Anable, J.D. Nelson, Exploring consumer preferences towards electric vehicles: the influence of consumer innovativeness. Res. Transp. Bus. Manag. 18, 18–28 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2016.01.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. S. Carley, S. Siddiki, S. Nicholson-Crotty, Evolution of plug-in electric vehicle demand: assessing consumer perceptions and intent to purchase over time. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 70, 94–111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. F. Schmalfuß, K. Mühl, J.F. Krems, Direct experience with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) matters when evaluating vehicle attributes, attitude and purchase intention. Transp. Res. F Traffic Psychol. Behav. 46, 47–69 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2017.01.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. S. Skippon, M. Garwood, Responses to battery electric vehicles: UK consumer attitudes and attributions of symbolic meaning following direct experience to reduce psychological distance. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 16, 525–531 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2011.05.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. C.A. Guevara, E. Figueroa, M.A. Munizaga, Paving the road for electric vehicles: lessons from a randomized experiment in an introduction stage market. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 153, 326–340 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.09.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. F. Liao, E. Molin, B. van Wee, Consumer preferences for electric vehicles: a literature review. Transp. Rev. 37, 252–275 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1230794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. J. Jung, S. Yeo, Y. Lee, S. Moon, D.J. Lee, Factors affecting consumers’ preferences for electric vehicle: a Korean case. Res. Transp. Bus. Manage. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100666

  71. Y. Wen, D. MacKenzie, D.R. Keith, Modeling the charging choices of battery electric vehicle drivers by using stated preference data. Transp. Res. Rec. 2572, 47–55 (2016). https://doi.org/10.3141/2572-06

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. A.F. Jensen, E. Cherchi, S.L. Mabit, On the stability of preferences and attitudes before and after experiencing an electric vehicle. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 25, 24–32 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. P. Bansal, R.R. Kumar, A. Raj, S. Dubey, D.J. Graham, Willingness to pay and attitudinal preferences of Indian consumers for electric vehicles. Energy Econ. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  74. Z.H. Munim, T. Noor, Young people’s perceived service quality and environmental performance of hybrid electric bus service. Travel. Behav. Soc. 20, 133–143 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  75. V. Tiwari, P. Aditjandra, D. Dissanayake, Public attitudes towards electric vehicle adoption using structural equation modelling. In: Transportation Research Procedia, Elsevier B.V., pp. 1615–1634. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.203

  76. C. Thiel, A. Alemanno, G. Scarcella, A. Zubaryeva, G. Pasaoglu, C. Thiel, Attitude of European car drivers towards electric vehicles: a survey. Eur. Commiss. (2012). https://doi.org/10.2790/67556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  77. V. Singh Patyal, R. Kumar, S. Singh-Kushwah, Modeling barriers to the adoption of electric vehicles: an Indian perspective. Energy (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121554

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. E. Higueras-Castillo, A. Guillén, L.J. Herrera, F. Liébana-Cabanillas, Adoption of electric vehicles: which factors are really important? Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 15, 799–813 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2020.1818330

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. L. Rotaris, M. Giansoldati, M. Scorrano, The slow uptake of electric cars in Italy and Slovenia. Evidence from a stated-preference survey and the role of knowledge and environmental awareness. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 144, 1–18 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.11.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. R. Danielis, L. Rotaris, M. Giansoldati, M. Scorrano, Drivers’ preferences for electric cars in Italy. Evidence from a country with limited but growing electric car uptake. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 137, 79–94 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2020.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. B. Anderhofstadt, S. Spinler, Factors affecting the purchasing decision and operation of alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks in Germany—A Delphi study. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 73, 87–107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. F. Nazari, E. Rahimi, A. Mohammadian, Simultaneous estimation of battery electric vehicle adoption with endogenous willingness to pay. ETransportation (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2019.100008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  83. F. Nazari, A. Mohammadian, T. Stephens, Modeling electric vehicle adoption considering a latent travel pattern construct and charging infrastructure. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 72, 65–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2019.04.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. M.K. Kim, J.H. Park, K. Kim, B. Park, Identifying factors influencing the slow market diffusion of electric vehicles in Korea. Transportation 47, 663–688 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-018-9908-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. T. Eccarius, C.C. Lu, Powered two-wheelers for sustainable mobility: a review of consumer adoption of electric motorcycles. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 14, 215–231 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2018.1540735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. F. Liao, E. Molin, H. Timmermans, B. van Wee, The impact of business models on electric vehicle adoption: a latent transition analysis approach. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 116, 531–546 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.07.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. M. Coffman, P. Bernstein, S. Wee, Electric vehicles revisited: a review of factors that affect adoption. Transp. Rev. 37, 79–93 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2016.1217282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. N. Daina, J.W. Polak, A. Sivakumar, Patent and latent predictors of electric vehicle charging behavior. Transp. Res. Rec. 2502, 116–123 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3141/2502-14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. W. Jia, T.D. Chen, Beyond adoption: examining electric vehicle miles traveled in households with zero-emission vehicles, transportation research record. J. Transp. Res. Board. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221082536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. M. Knez, Sustainable transport, electric vehicle promotional policies, and factors influencing the purchasing decisions of electric vehicles: a case of Slovenia. In: Electric vehicles: prospects and challenges, Elsevier Inc., pp. 207–244. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803021-9.00006-9

  91. A. Barisa, M. Rosa, A. Kisele, Introducing electric mobility in Latvian municipalities: results of a survey. In: Energy procedia, Elsevier Ltd, pp 50–57. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.015

  92. B.E. Lebrouhi, Y. Khattari, B. Lamrani, M. Maaroufi, Y. Zeraouli, T. Kousksou, Key challenges for a large-scale development of battery electric vehicles: a comprehensive review. J. Energy Storage. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. K. Chen, C. Ren, R. Gu, P. Zhang, Exploring purchase intentions of new energy vehicles: from the perspective of frugality and the concept of “mianzi.” J. Clean. Prod. 230, 700–708 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. A. Peters, E. Dütschke, How do consumers perceive electric vehicles? A comparison of German consumer groups. J. Environ. Policy Plann. 16, 359–377 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908X.2013.879037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. H. Khazaei, The datasets of factors influencing adoption of electric cars in Malaysia: a structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis. Data Brief. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2019.104644

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  96. K. Alzahrani, A. Hall-Phillips, A.Z. Zeng, Applying the theory of reasoned action to understanding consumers’ intention to adopt hybrid electric vehicles in Saudi Arabia. Transportation 46, 199–215 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-017-9801-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. C.O. Delang, W.T. Cheng, Consumers’ attitudes towards electric cars: a case study of Hong Kong. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 17, 492–494 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2012.04.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. F. Ye, W. Kang, L. Li, Z. Wang, Why do consumers choose to buy electric vehicles? A paired data analysis of purchase intention configurations. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 147, 14–27 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.02.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. I.K.W. Lai, Y. Liu, X. Sun, H. Zhang, W. Xu, Factors influencing the behavioural intention towards full electric vehicles: an empirical study in Macau. Sustainability 7, 12564–12585 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3390/su70912564

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. D.K. Shetty, S. Shetty, L. Raj Rodrigues, N. Naik, C.B. Maddodi, N. Malarout, N. Sooriyaperakasam, Barriers to widespread adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in emerging Asian markets: an analysis of consumer behavioral attitudes and perceptions. Cogent. Eng. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1796198

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. M. Mohamed, C.D. Higgins, M. Ferguson, W.J. Réquia, The influence of vehicle body type in shaping behavioural intention to acquire electric vehicles: A multi-group structural equation approach. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 116, 54–72 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.05.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. M. Mohamed, C. Higgins, M. Ferguson, P. Kanaroglou, Identifying and characterizing potential electric vehicle adopters in Canada: A two-stage modelling approach. Transp. Policy 52, 100–112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2016.07.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. A. Desai, C.R. Kanika, Patel, The impact of electric vehicle charging infrastructure on the energy demand of a city. Energy Rep. 9, 814–823 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.05.177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. E. Guerra, Electric vehicles, air pollution, and the motorcycle city: a stated preference survey of consumers’ willingness to adopt electric motorcycles in Solo, Indonesia. Transp. Res. D Transp. Environ. 68, 52–64 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.07.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  105. R. Singhal, A. Desai, C.R. Patel, Solution to the chicken-egg dilemma of electric mobility for Indian cities: a roadmap to clean energy, communications - scientific letters of the university of Zilina. (2023). https://doi.org/10.26552/com.C.2023.066

  106. R. Singhal, C.R. Patel, Prioritisation of barriers in the implementation of electric mobility in Indian context using fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. J. Instit. Eng. India A. 103, 1225–1236 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/S40030-022-00676-8/FIGURES/6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  107. Ö. Simsekoglu, A. Nayum, Predictors of intention to buy a battery electric vehicle among conventional car drivers. Transp. Res. F Traffic. Psychol. Behav. 60, 1–10 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.10.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  108. S. Haustein, A.F. Jensen, Factors of electric vehicle adoption: a comparison of conventional and electric car users based on an extended theory of planned behavior. Int. J. Sustain. Transp. 12, 484–496 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2017.1398790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  109. N. Adnan, S.M. Nordin, I. Rahman, A.M. Rasli, A new era of sustainable transport: an experimental examination on forecasting adoption behavior of EVs among Malaysian consumer. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 103, 279–295 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2017.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  110. T.T. Taefi, J. Kreutzfeldt, T. Held, A. Fink, Supporting the adoption of electric vehicles in urban road freight transport—A multi-criteria analysis of policy measures in Germany. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 91, 61–79 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  111. A. Kumar Agarwal, LCA and TCO Analyses of BEVs, HEVs, and ICEVs, 2023.

  112. R.M. Krause, S.R. Carley, B.W. Lane, J.D. Graham, Perception and reality: public knowledge of plug-in electric vehicles in 21 U.S. cities. Energy Policy 63, 433–440 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.09.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  113. B. Dhonde, C.R. Patel, Sharing of trips before electrification of fleet: a cost-effective solution for reducing the environmental impact of urban freight transport in developing countries. European Transp. Trasporti Europei. 79, 1–15 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grants from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, India

    Kanika Rohilla, Apurvkumar Desai & Chetan R. Patel

Authors
  1. Kanika Rohilla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Apurvkumar Desai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chetan R. Patel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kanika Rohilla.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rohilla, K., Desai, A. & Patel, C.R. A Cutting-Edge Examination of the Dichotomy of Electric Vehicles as a Symbol of “Sustainable Mobility” and “Clean Energy”. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 105, 209–227 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00778-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-023-00778-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation