Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Trees: A Case of Kolar Area in Bhopal City, India

  • Original Contribution
  • Published:
Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

With higher targets for economic and social development, cities and urban areas are expanding and releasing higher amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, of which carbon dioxide has the highest percentage composition. In order to combat climate change, there is a need to capture carbon released through anthropogenic activities. The study was conducted in a ward of the rapidly growing Kolar area of Bhopal city which is the capital of Madhya Pradesh state of India. It quantifies total biomass and amount of carbon content in each urban tree species of the study area using the non-destructive biometric method comprising of diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height, wood densities, and above-ground and below-ground biomass estimations through allometric equations. Sample of three plots of 25 hectares each was chosen based on density and diversity of urban trees and density of building footprints and the average of existing tree count were taken. Based on the highest level of carbon sequestered by the studied tree species, ward level interventions are proposed depending on tree count per hectare to reach an optimum level. The study and the recommendations will prove to be helpful in afforestation projects for urban landscapes and reducing the local area carbon dioxide equivalent concentrations. The integration of the same in the local action plans for each city of the country will have a big contribution in achieving the national targets for increasing carbon sinks in urban areas under National Mission for a Green India by 2030.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Source Google Earth; [56, 57, 62]

Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Source Google Earth

Fig. 5

Source

Fig. 6

Source Google Earth

Fig. 7

Source Authors

Fig. 8

Source Authors

Fig. 9

Source Authors

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Global carbon project. global carbon atlas. http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/content/welcome-carbon-atlas. Accessed June 2021

  2. N. Verma, A. Mohammad, Challenges and strategy for achieving nationally determined contribution commitment of India. Int. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 2(4), 380–385 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  3. India’s State of Forest Report, https://fsi.nic.in/isfr2019/isfr-fsi-vol2.pdf Accessed June 2021 (2019)

  4. UNFCCC, India’s First Nationally Determined Targets. https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/ PublishedDocuments/India%20First/INDIA%20INDC%20 TO%20UNFCCC.pdf. Accessed June 2021 (2015)

  5. Report Committee on estimates. Performance of the national action plan on climate change. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change, India. http://164.100.47.193/lsscommittee/Estimates/16_Estimates_30.pdf. Accessed June 2021 (2018)

  6. N.B. Grimm, S.H. Faeth, N.E. Golubiewski, C.L. Redman, J. Wu, X. Bai, J.M. Briggs, Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864), 756–760 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. UNFCCC, https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf. Accessed June 2021 (1992)

  8. J. Brugmann, Welcome to the urban revolution: how cities are changing the world. Bloomsbury Press (2009). https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/welcome-to-the-urban-revolution-9781608191864/

  9. D. Pearlmutter, C. Calfapietra, R. Samson, L. O’Brien, S.K. Ostoic, G. Sanesi, R.A. DelAmo, The Urban Forest Cultivating Green Infrastructure for People and the Environment (Springer, Switzerland, 2017)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  10. A.A. Tak, U.B. Kakde, Analysis of carbon sequestration by dominant trees in urban areas of Thane City. Int. J. Global Warm. 20(1), 1–11 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Chaudhari, A. Akhuj, A case study on carbon sequestration in and around nagpur city. Int. J. Res. Scientific Innovation 5(12), 41–44 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. M. Brander, G. Davis Greenhouse Gases, CO2, CO2e, and Carbon: what do all these terms mean? Ecometrica. https://ecometrica.com/assets/GHGs-CO2-CO2e-and-Carbon-What-Do-These-Mean-v2.1.pdf). Accessed June 2021 (2012)

  13. IPCC, Climate Change 2007 Impacts, assessment and vulnerability. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf. Accessed June 2021 (2007)

  14. S.C. Thomas, A.R. Martin, Carbon content of tree tissues: a synthesis. Forests 3, 332–352 (2012). https://doi.org/10.3390/f3020332

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Fern, What are Carbon Sinks? https://www.fern.org/news-resources/what-are-carbon-sinks-332/. Accessed June 2021(2016)

  16. IPCC, Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 4. https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/4_Volume4/V4_04_Ch4_Forest_Land.pdf. Accessed June 2021 (2006)

  17. FAO, World Soil Resources Reports. Rome. http://www.fao.org/3/a-x8693e.pdf). Accessed June 2021 (2000)

  18. P. Chaudhry, V.P. Tewari, Urban forestry in India: development and research scenario. Interdiscip. Environ. Rev. 12(1), 80–93 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1504/IER.2011.038881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Zhang, A. Hussain, J. Deng, N. Letson, Public attitudes toward urban trees and supporting urban tree programs. Environ. Behav. 39, 797–814 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. D.J. Nowak, E.J. Greenfield, US urban forest statistics, values and projections. J. For. 116(2), 164–177 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvx004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. K.D. Kanniah, H.C. Siong, Tree canopy cover and its potential to reduce CO2 in South of Peninsular Malaysia. Chem. Eng. Trans. 63, 13–18 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  22. J. Lyytimäki, Chapter 12: Disservices of urban trees. Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry, 164–176 (2017). https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315627106.ch12

  23. C. Dobbs, M. J. Martinez-Harms, D. Kendal, Ecosystem services. Routledge Handbook of Urban Forestry. 51–64 (2017). https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315627106.ch4

  24. H. Akbari, Shade trees reduce building energy use and CO2 emissions from power plants. Environ. Pollut. 116, 119–126 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00264-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. R. Devi, Carbon storage by trees in urban parks: a case study of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Int. J. Adv. Res. Develop. 2(4), 250–253 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  26. E.G. McPherson, J.R. Simpson, Potential energy savings in buildings by an urban tree planting programme in California. Urban For. Urban Green. 2, 73–86 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1078/1618-8667-00025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. T. Majumdar, T. Selvan, Carbon storage in trees of urban and peri-urban forests of Agartala, Tripura. J. Adv. Res. Appl. Sci. 5, 2394–8442 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  28. K.M. Ngo, S. Lum, Above-ground biomass estimation of tropical street trees. J. Urban Ecol. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/jux020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D.J. Nowak, E.J. Greenfield, R.E. Hoehn, E. Lapoint, Carbon storage and sequestration by trees in urban and community areas of United States. Environ. Pollut. 178, 229–236 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.019

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Munoth, N. Sharma, GIS-based air quality index spatial model for Indian cities. Challenges Solut. Sustain. Smart City Develop. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70183-3_6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. C. Letter, G. Jager, Simulating the potential of trees to reduce particulate matter pollution in urban areas throughout the year. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 22, 4311–4321 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-019-00385-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. D.J. Nowak, D.E. Crane, Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA. Environ. Pollut. 116(3), 381–389 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(01)00214-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Singh, G. Singh, Roadside vegetation diversity of Jodhpur District and its role in carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation. Adv. For. Sci. 2(2), 23–33 (2015). https://doi.org/10.34062/afs.v2i2.2157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Dugaya, S. Srirag, A.K. Pandey, A. Paul, D.D. Shukla, K. Deo, N. Sharma, S. Verma, S. Nagaria, S. Guhaprasad, P. Chaudhry, Carbon sequestration potential of trees planted along roadsides: a case from Bhopal City, India. Int. J. Environ (2020). https://doi.org/10.3126/ije.v9i2.32537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. V. R. Potadar, S. S. Patil. Potential of carbon sequestration and storage by trees in and around B.A.M. University campus of Aurangabad city in Maharashtra, India. Int. J. Scientific Develop. Res. (2017). https://www.ijsdr.org/papers/IJSDR1701006.pdf

  36. J. Cornelis, M. Hermy, Biodiversity relationships in urban and suburban parks in Flanders. Landsc. Urban Plan. 69(4), 385–401 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. R.G. Davies, O. Barbosa, R.A. Fuller, J. Tratalos, N. Burke, D. Lewis, P.H. Warren, K.J. Gaston, City-wide relationships between green spaces, urban land use and topography. Urban Ecosyst 11, 269–287 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0062-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Weifeng, O. Zhiyun, M. Xuesong, W. Xiaoke, Plant species composition in relation to green cover configuration and function of urban parks in Beijing, China. Ecol. Resour. 21, 221–237 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. K.M. Clarke, B.L. Fisher, G. LeBuhn, The influence of urban park characteristics on ant (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) communities. Urban Ecosyst. 11, 317–334 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0065-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. C.Y. Jim, W.Y. Chen, Diversity and distribution of landscape trees in the compact Asian city of Taipei. Appl. Geogr. 29, 577–587 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2009.01.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. A.A. Alvey, Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban Urban Green 5(4), 195–201 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. D.B. Botkin, C.E. Beveridge, Cities as environments. Urban Ecosyst 1, 3–19 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014354923367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. A. J. Long, P. K. R. & Nair Trees outside forests: agro-, community and urban forestry. New Forests, 17, 145–174 (1999) 10.1023/A: 1006523425548

  44. P. Chaudhry, V.P. Tewari, Managing urban parks and gardens in developing countries: a case from Chandigarh India. Int. J. Leis. Tourism Market 1(3), 248–256 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLTM.2010.029588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. B. Aminzadeh, M. Khansefid, A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area. Urban Ecosyst. 13, 23–36 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-009-0101-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. R. K. Pandey, H. Kumar, Tree species diversity and composition in urban green spaces of Allahabad City (U.P.). Plant Archives 18(2), 2687–2692 (2018) http://www.plantarchives.org/18-02/2687-2692%20(4426).pdf. Accessed June 2021

  47. L.S. Devi, P.S. Yadava, Above-ground biomass and net primary production of semi-evergreen tropical forest of Manipur, North-Eastern India. J. For. Res. 20, 151–155 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. N. H. Ravindranath, M. Ostwald, Methods for estimating above-ground biomass. Carbon inventory methods: handbook for greenhouse gas inventory, carbon mitigation and roundwood production projects, 113–14 (2008)

  49. K. Mokany, R.J. Raison, A.S. Prokushkin, Critical analysis of root: shoot ratios in terrestrial biomes. Glob. Change Biol. 12(1), 84–96 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.001043.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. D. Joshi, Aquifer mapping report. Central ground water board. Phanda Block Bhopal District. North-Central Region, Bhopal. (2016) http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/NAQUIM_REPORT/MP/PhandaBlockBhopal.pdf

  51. J. Chave, A. Burquez, M.R. Mechain, E. Chidumayo, W.B.C. Delitti, Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Glob. Change Biol. (2014). https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. M. Udayakumar, A. Selvam, T. Sekar, Aboveground biomass stockpile and carbon sequestration potential of Albizia saman in Chennai Metropolitan City, India. Plant 6(3), 60–66. ISSN: 2331–0669 (Print); ISSN: 2331–0677 (Online) (2018) https://doi.org/10.11648/j.plant.20180603.12

  53. ICRAF. World Agroforestry Database. http://db.worldagroforestry.org/. Accessed June (2021)

  54. H. Singh, A. Singh, J. Singh, Contribution of street trees to carbon sequestration: a case study from Varanasi, India. Int. J. Plant Environ. 5(01), 09–15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.18811/ijpen.v5i01.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. D. W. Cowen. Flowering trees and shrubs in India. (Thacker & Co., Ltd. 1970). https://www.arvindguptatoys.com/arvindgupta/cowen.pdf. Accessed June 2021

  56. Maps of India. https://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/madhyapradesh/madhyapradeshlocation.htm. Accessed June 2021

  57. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Madhya_Pradesh_Bhopal_location_map.svg Accessed June 2021

  58. UNFCCC (2015). Measurements for estimation of carbon stocks in afforestation and reforestation project activities under the clean development mechanism: a field manual

  59. N. Zaki, M. Rajuli, Z. Latif, M. Suratman, H. Omar, S. Norashikin, M. Zainal, N. Talib. (2020). IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 540: 012045 https://iopscience.iop.org/article/https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/540/1/012045/meta Accessed June 2021

  60. P. Vicharnakorn, R. Shrestha, P.A. Salam, M. Nagai, Carbon stock assessment using remote sensing and forest inventory data in Savannakhet, Lao PDR. Remote Sens. 6(6), 5452–5479 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs6065452

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. National Mission for Green India. (2010). Draft Version 1.0. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/files/green-india-mission.pdf. Accessed June 2021

  62. Map of District. https://bhopal.nic.in/en/map-of-district/ Accessed June 2021

Download references

Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Save Earth Energy Private Limited, Bhopal, India

    Shreya Chaurasia

  2. Department of Architecture and Planning, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India

    Navneet Munoth

Authors
  1. Shreya Chaurasia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Navneet Munoth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shreya Chaurasia.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chaurasia, S., Munoth, N. Carbon Sequestration Potential of Urban Trees: A Case of Kolar Area in Bhopal City, India. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 103, 359–374 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-022-00621-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-022-00621-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation