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Chemical Arms Race: Occurrence of Chemical Defense and Growth Regulatory Phytochemical Gradients in Insect-Induced Foliar Galls

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Abstract

Gall-inducing insects are highly specialized in modifying phenotypes in their hosts. Phytochemical manipulations in galling sites induce tissue growth and differentiation and also refurbish defense response in plant against herbivore infestation. Therefore, plant–herbivore interaction coevolves and gives rise to a chemical arms race by employing refined chemical defense and detoxification mechanisms in the plant. Under this contextual, we aimed to investigate how phytochemical gradients accumulate in galling sites than the non-galled tissue. Analyzing 18 phytochemicals from underdeveloped and developed foliar gall tissue morphs among three model plants, we report that phytochemical manipulation builds gradually from non-galled (non-infested) to underdeveloped gall (marginal infestation) and from underdeveloped to developed (high infestation) gall tissue. A complex chemical surge is played in galling tissue where the phytochemicals perform a dual role in promotion of tissue growth as well as in execution of endogenous defense.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Head of the Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, for providing necessary facilities and for conducting the experiments. We thankfully acknowledge Centre for Research in Nano-science and Nano-technology (CRNN) of University of Calcutta for ROS experiment facility and Toxicology Laboratory from University of Calcutta for antioxidant profiling assays. This research did not receive any specific grant or financial support from any funding agency elsewhere. There is no conflict of interest in publication of this paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Entomology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India

    Sampurna Roy, Arunodaya Gautam & Amlan Das

  2. Department of Botany, Vivekananda College, 269, Diamond Harbour Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700063, India

    Ashutosh Mukherjee

  3. Physics Department, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja S.C. MallickRd, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India

    Debbethi Bera

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  1. Sampurna Roy
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  2. Ashutosh Mukherjee
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  3. Arunodaya Gautam
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  4. Debbethi Bera
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  5. Amlan Das
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Correspondence to Amlan Das.

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Significance Statement The paper describes data to understand how chemical adaptation is being played in gall-induced foliar tissues from three model plants. How the assemblage of different phytochemical gradients in gall-affected tissue modulates plant–herbivore survivorship and assists coevolution has been portrayed.

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Roy, S., Mukherjee, A., Gautam, A. et al. Chemical Arms Race: Occurrence of Chemical Defense and Growth Regulatory Phytochemical Gradients in Insect-Induced Foliar Galls. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 92, 415–429 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-021-01322-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-021-01322-2

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