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Enhanced Adult Neural Stem Cell Population Following Bacterial Infection during Early Postnatal Life

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a prominent feature of neurodegenerative disorders. The extent of neural stem cell (NSCs) generation in adult brain is highly adaptive and depends on both inflammatory signalling and glial cells. In this study, through immunohistochemical co-labelling of nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the authors have demonstrated an enhanced stem astrocyte density in subgranular zone of adult and ageing rats following neonatal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure, which could be attributed as a regenerative attempt evoked to overcome the effects of bacterial infection. However, a second hit of LPS at 12 months of age might have killed the progenitors because of the persistent glial activation leading to a decline in stem astrocyte population. The enhanced density of NSCs is attributed to the activation of the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) by LPS on their surface that in turn influences their proliferative potential. The information generated may be useful for therapeutically modulating the pathway in a way so that the TLR-4 activation following bacterial infection may be checked at a level when it triggers the activation of the innate immune response. Thus, the enhanced number of NSCs can generate a viable number of neurons that will mature and integrate in the hippocampal circuitry to compensate the loss due to bacterial infection.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Indian Council of Medical Research, Govt. of India, for financial assistance through a project grant (54/36/CFP/GER/2011-NCD-II). Facilities developed through the DBT-Human Resource Development and Bioinformatics Infrastructural facilities from Department of Biotechnology used in this study are also thankfully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Studies in Neuroscience, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India

    Nisha Patro, Shrstha Sinha, Kavita Singh, Jyoti Chaudhary & I. K. Patro

  2. School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India

    Shrstha Sinha & I. K. Patro

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  1. Nisha Patro
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  2. Shrstha Sinha
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Correspondence to Nisha Patro.

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Significant Statement

The enhanced NSCs population following bacterial infection would generate viable number of neurons that will integrate in hippocampal circuitry.

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Patro, N., Sinha, S., Singh, K. et al. Enhanced Adult Neural Stem Cell Population Following Bacterial Infection during Early Postnatal Life. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 89, 1101–1108 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-1028-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-018-1028-3

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