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The Potential Applications of Satellite Altimetry with SARAL/AltiKa for Indian Inland Waters

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences volume 87, pages 661–677 (2017)Cite this article

Abstract

The satellite radar altimetry datasets are now extensively used for continental water monitoring although it was primarily designed for oceanic surface and ice cap studies. Water level estimated from satellite altimetry can help to assess many hydrological parameters like river discharge and reservoir volume. These parameters can be employed for calibration and validation purposes of hydrological and hydrodynamic models, rating curve (stage-discharge relationship) generation, near real-time flood forecasting, reservoir operations and transboundary water related issues. Satellite with Argos and AltiKa (SARAL/AltiKa), a joint venture of Indian Space Research Organisation and Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, is one of the pioneer missions in the history of satellite radar altimetry. It is first high-frequency (Ka-band, 35.75 GHz) mission with the highest sampling rate (40 Hz). The applications of radar altimetry to inland hydrology have been significantly increased in recent years in India. Major studies have been carried out in Ganga, Brahmaputra, Tapi and Godavari river basins with AltiKa data. AltiKa datasets have been successfully used for retrieving water level in reservoir and river, estimating river discharge and calculating reservoir sedimentation. Considering the stress on India’s fresh water resources and the importance of SARAL/AltiKa mission, this work was carried out. The present review paper may be helpful to understand the working principle of altimetry, altimetry waveform, waveform retracking methods, water stage, river discharge and changes in reservoir’s water storage calculation, and the status of altimetry applications to inland hydrology, specifically solicitation of SARAL/AltiKa in the Indian context.

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Acknowledgements

Authors gratefully acknowledge the Director, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun and the Director, Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad and Director, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur for assistance and encouragement to conduct this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, India

    Surajit Ghosh, Praveen Kumar Thakur, Subrata Nandy & Vaibhav Garg

  2. Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad, India

    Rashmi Sharma

  3. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka

    Giriraj Amarnath

  4. National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India

    Surajit Ghosh & Soumya Bhattacharyya

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  1. Surajit Ghosh
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Ghosh, S., Thakur, P.K., Sharma, R. et al. The Potential Applications of Satellite Altimetry with SARAL/AltiKa for Indian Inland Waters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. A Phys. Sci. 87, 661–677 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40010-017-0463-5

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Keywords

  • Radar altimetry data processing
  • Ka-band altimetry
  • Continental hydrology
  • India’s surface water

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