Skip to main content
Log in

Can Rumex hastatus D. Don. be Used as a Biocontrol Agent for Removing Lichens Colonizing Monuments? A Case Study from Kumaun Himalaya

  • Short Communication
  • Published:
National Academy Science Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Role of lichens in deteriorating monuments constructed by stone artefact is quite well known, and till now various biocides and techniques have been used to remove them from monuments, all having some disadvantages at some level. In the present paper, the results and potential of leaf extract of Rumex hastatus D. Don. as a cost-effective, easy handling and eco-friendly biocontrol agent are being described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+
from $39.99 /Month
  • Starting from 10 chapters or articles per month
  • Access and download chapters and articles from more than 300k books and 2,500 journals
  • Cancel anytime
View plans

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Warsheid T, Braams J (2000) Biodeterioration of stone: a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 46:343–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00109-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chen J, Blume HP, Beyer L (2000) Weathering of rocks induced by lichen colonization—a review. CATENA 39:121–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0341-8162(99)00085-5

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Lisci M, Monte M, Pacini E (2003) Lichens and higher plants on stone: a review. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 51:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00071-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Villar SEJ, Edwards HG, Seaward MRD (2004) Lichen biodeterioration of ecclesiastical monuments in northern Spain. Spectrochim Acta Part A 60:1229–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2003.08.005

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. De los Ríos A, Pérez-Ortega S, Wierzchos J, Ascaso C (2012) Differential effects of biocide treatments on saxicolous communities: case study of the Segovia cathedral cloister (Spain). Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 67:64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2011.10.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Monte M, Nichi D (1997) Effects of two biocides in the elimination of lichens from stone monuments: preliminary findings. Sci Technol Cult Herit 6:209–216

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bajpai PK, Bajpai RP, Chaterjee S, Singh A, Sinha GP (1999) Efficiency of five agricultural biocides on lichens eradications. In: Mukerjii KG, Chamola BP, Upreti DK, Upadhyaya RK (eds) Biology of lichens. Aravali Book International, New Delhi, pp 57–67

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gómez-Bolea A, Arino X, Balzarotti R, Saiz-Jimenez C (1999) Surface treatment of stones: consequences on lichenic colonization. In: Ciferri O, Tiano P, Mastromei G (eds) Of microbes and art: the role of microbial communities in the degradation and protection of cultural heritage, Florence, pp 233–237

  9. Leavengood P, Twilley J, Asmus JF (2000) Lichen removal from Chinese spirit path figures of marble. J Cult Herit 1:71–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ascaso C, Wierzchos J, Souza-Egipsy V, de los Rí A, Rodrigues JD (2002) In situ evaluation of the biodeteriorating action of microorganisms and the effects of biocides on carbonate rock of the Jeronimos Monastery (Lisbon). Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 49:1–12

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Morii M, Kawanobe W, Yamaji Y, Kashiwadani H (2009) Cleaning epiphytic vegetation with UV-C irradiation for buddhist images carved on natural cliff. Sci Conserv 48:21–31

    Google Scholar 

  12. Singh A, Upreti DK, Chatterjee S, Dhawan S (2002) Lichens and Indian monuments. In: Srivastava RB, Mathur GN, Agrawal OP (eds) Biodeterioration of materials-2. Defence Materials and Stores and Research and Development Establishment Kanpur, India, pp 128–131

    Google Scholar 

  13. Marin E, Vaccaro C, Leis M (2016) Biotechnology applied to historic stoneworks conservation: testing the potential harmfulness of two biological biocides. Int J Conserv Sci 7:227–238

    Google Scholar 

  14. Young ME, Alakomi HL, Fortune I et al (2002) Development of a biocidal treatment regime to inhibit biological growths on cultural heritage. Environ Geol 56:631–641. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-008-1455-1

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Siano S, Salimbeni R (2010) Advances in laser cleaning of artwork and objects of historical interest: the optimized pulse duration approach. Acc Chem Res 43:739–750. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar900190f

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sanz M, Oujja M, Ascaso C, de los Ríos A, Pérez-Ortega S, Souza-Egipsy V, Wierzchos J, Speranza M, Cañamares MV, Castillejo M (2015) Infrared and ultraviolet laser removal of crustose lichens on dolomite heritage stone. Appl Surf Sci 346:248–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.013

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. De Graef B, De Windt W, Dick J, Verstraete W, De Belie N (2005) Cleaning of concrete fouled by lichens with the aid of Thiobacilli. Mater Struct 38:875–882. https://doi.org/10.1617/14254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Manandhar NP (1995) A survey of medicinal plants of Jajarkot District, Nepal. J Ethnopharmacol 48:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01269-j

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Piervitori R (2004) Lichen and the biodeterioration of stonework: the Italian experiences. In: St Clair LL, Seaward MRD (eds) Biodeterioration of stone surface. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp 45–68

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Scientific and Engineering Research Board (SB/FT/LS-313/2012) for providing financial assistance and to Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Dehradun for allowing us to avail SEM facility. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Ramesh Chandra Upadhyay for identifying the rocks.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yogesh Joshi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chandra, K., Joshi, Y., Upadhyay, S. et al. Can Rumex hastatus D. Don. be Used as a Biocontrol Agent for Removing Lichens Colonizing Monuments? A Case Study from Kumaun Himalaya. Natl. Acad. Sci. Lett. 42, 369–373 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0757-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40009-018-0757-4

Keywords