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Genetic Variability, Diversity and Interrelationship for Twelve Grain Minerals in 122 Commercial Pearl Millet Cultivars in India

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Abstract

Pearl millet contributes to the major source of dietary calories and essential micronutrients intake among rural populations in certain regions of India as its grains are more nutritious than other cereals. The aims of this investigation were to profile cultivar nutrition, diversity and interrelationship for grain minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo and Ni) among 122 pearl millet hybrids and open-pollinated varieties in India. Trials were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications at two locations (Patancheru and Mandor) representing two major cultivation zones. The grain minerals in cultivars exhibited two- to- four-fold variation. Positive and significant correlations were noted among different minerals. A higher magnitude of positive and significant association between Fe and Zn (r = 0.71, P < 0.01) and with other minerals suggested the existence of greater genetic potential for the concurrent improvement of Fe and Zn without lowering the other grain minerals in pearl millet. The first two principal components accounted for 49% of variation. Euclidian distance-based cluster analysis grouped the 122 cultivars into seven clusters. Cluster I had higher mean for Fe (56 mg kg−1) and Zn (49 mg kg−1), in which ICTP 8203, Ajeet 38, Sanjivani 222, PAC 903 and 86 M 86 were identified as rich sources of iron, zinc and calcium with considerable levels of other nutrients. About 65% of cultivars for iron and 100% of cultivars for zinc have met the minimum standards set forth by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. This indicates the feasibility of breeding nutrient-rich hybrids with competitive yields through mainstreaming in future.

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Acknowledgments

Authors thank the various research partner organizations for providing the seed and HarvestPlus Biofortfication  program  of the CGAIR for analysing the samples for nutrient profiling. This work was carried as part of the ICAR-ICRISAT  colloborative Research Project and CRP on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Telangana, 502 324, India

    M. Govindaraj, A. Kanatti, K. N. Rai & S. L. Dwivedi

  2. ICAR - All India Coordinated Pearl Millet Improvement Project, Mandor, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 304, India

    O. P. Yadav & B. S. Rajpurohit

  3. ICAR - Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342 003, India

    O. P. Yadav

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  1. M. Govindaraj
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  4. A. Kanatti
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  5. K. N. Rai
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  6. S. L. Dwivedi
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Correspondence to M. Govindaraj.

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Govindaraj, M., Yadav, O.P., Rajpurohit, B.S. et al. Genetic Variability, Diversity and Interrelationship for Twelve Grain Minerals in 122 Commercial Pearl Millet Cultivars in India. Agric Res 9, 516–525 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-020-00470-7

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