Abstract
The objective of the study is to characterize, evaluate and classify 2149 sunflower germplasm accessions during 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 for identification of trait-specific accessions. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for almost all characters which favour the selection. High heritability associated with high genetic advance as per cent of mean (GAM) was recorded for days to maturity, indicating lesser environmental influence and role of additive gene action. Moderate heritability coupled with moderate-to-low GAM was observed for seed yield per plant, head diameter and oil content, suggesting the low existence of non-additive genes. Associations among characters exist especially for head diameter, 100-seed weight and plant height in the improvement in seed yield, whereas seed yield per plant had a negative correlation with oil content. Based on cluster analysis, 416 accessions grouped under cluster IV may be considered as the genotypes with high yielding ability along with high oil content and medium maturity. The first principal component accounted for 29.20% of the total variation in the population with more contribution from oil content, while second PC contributed 57.6% to days to maturity and 50% flowering contributed maximum. DUS characters such as pigmentation of seedlings, leaf petiole, disc and stem can be considered as morphological markers to differentiate the germplasm. Ray floret colouration, plant branching, type of branching and pollen colour characters can help the breeder to identify the specific germplasm. The identified trait-specific accessions will help in effective utilization of promising accessions in the breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adams MW (1995) An estimate of homogeneity in crop plants with special reference to genetic vulnerability in dry season, Phaseolus vulgaris. Euphytica 26:665–679
Allard RW (1960) Principles of plant breeding. Wiley, New York
Alvarez D, Luduena P, Frutos E (1992) Variability and genetic advance in sunflower. In: Proceedings of the 13th international sunflower conference, Pisa, Italy, pp 963–968
Alvarez MP, Mancuso N, Frutos E (1996) Genetic divergence among open pollinated populations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). In: Proceedings of the 14th international sunflower conference, Beijing, Shenyang, China, pp 230–235
Anand IJ, Chandra S (1980) Genetic diversity and interrelationships of oil yielding traits in sunflower. Sunflower Newsl 4:5–8
Ashok S, Mohamed Sherif N, Lakshminarayanan S (2000) Character association and path coefficient analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Crop Res 20:453–456
Ayaz U, Khan MF, Bashir S (2014) Investigation of genetic divergence in local sunflower hybrids and inbred lines by applying morphological markers. Int J Agron Agric Res 5(2):154–163
Beard BH, Williams W (1982) Cluster analysis of wild Helianthus annuus L. accessions. In: Proceedings of the 10th international sunflower conference surfers paradise, Australia, pp 209–211
Bernardo R (2002) Breeding for quantitative traits in plants. Stemma Press, Woodbury
Browning SJ, Riordan TP, Johnson RK, Johnson-Cicalese J (1994) Heritability estimates of turf-type characteristics in buffalo grass. HortScience 29:204–205
Burton GW (1952) Quantitative inheritance in grasses. In: Proceedings of the 6th international grasslands congress, vol 1, pp 227–283
Chervet B, Vear F (1990) Study of the relationships between sunflower earliness and yield, oil content, development and morphology. Agronomie 10:51–56
Chidambaram S, Sundaresan N (1990) Correlation between yield and yield components in sunflower. Madras Agric J 77:406–407
Clausen J, Keck D, Hiesey WM (1948) Experimental studies on the nature of species. III. Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea, vol 581. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, Washington DC, USA, pp 1–129
Cronn R, Brothers M, Klier K, Bretting PK, Wendel JF (1997) Allozyme variation in domesticated annual sunflower and its wild relatives. Theor Appl Genet 95:532–545
De la Vega AJ, Chapman SC, Hall AJ (2001) Genotype by environment interaction and indirect selection for yield in sunflower. I. Two-mode pattern analysis of oil and biomass yield across environments in Argentina. Field Crops Res 72:17–38
Dong G, Liu G, Li K (2007) Studying genetic diversity in the core germplasm of confectionary sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in China based on AFLP and morphological analysis. Russian J Genet 43(6):627–635
Dudhe MY, Sujatha M (2016) Four decades of sunflower genetic resources activities in India. In: Proceedings of the 19th international sunflower conference, Edirne, Turkey. International Sunflower Association, Paris, p 322
Dudhe MY, Moon MK, Lande SS (2009) Evaluation of restorer lines for heterosis studies on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Oilseeds Res 26:140–142
Dudhe MY, Rajguru AB, Bhoite KD, Madhuri P (2017) Genetic evaluation and identification of stable sunflower genotypes under semi-arid dryland conditions of Telangana and Maharashtra state. SABRAO J Breed Genet 49(1):83–93
Dudhe MY, Sujatha M, Meena HP, Alivelu K, Ghodke MK, Shadakshari YG, Tyagi RK, Radhamani K, Ranganatha ARG, Varaprasad KS, Reddy AV (2018) Germplasm catalogue of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), vol 1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad
Federer WT (1963) Procedures and designs useful for screening material in selection and allocation, with a bibliography. Biometrics 19:553–587
Fick GN, Miller JF (1997) Sunflower breeding. In: Schneiter EE (ed) Sunflower technology and production. SA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison
Fick GN, Zimmer DE, Zimmerman DC (1974) Correlation of seed oil content in sunflower with other plant and seed characteristics. Crop Sci 14:755–757
Ghafari M (2004) Use of principal component analysis method for selection of superior three way cross hybrids in sunflower. Seed Plant Improv J 19(4):513–527
Gill HS, Sheroan RK, Lokendra K, Naveen C, Kumar L, Chandra N (1997) Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for achene yield and component traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Ann Biol 13(2):270–281
GOI (2016) Agricultural statistics at a glance, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, New Delhi
Grahic J, Gaši F, Kurtovi M, Kari L, Iki M, Gadžo D (2013) Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity in Bosnia and Herzegovina using the Discriminant analysis of Principal Components multivariate method. Genetika 45:963–977
Hanson GH, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1956) Biometrical studies of yield in segregating populations of Korean Lespedeza. Agron J 48:267–282
Harlan SC (1939) The genetics of cotton. Jonathan Cape, London
Husson F, Le S, Pages J (2009) Analyse de donnees avec R. Presses Universitaires de Rennes, Rennes cedex
IPGRI (2005) Germplasm Database. http://www.bioversityinternasional.ogr/publications/Web%5Fversion/261/begin.htm#Contents. Accessed on 26 Dec 2017
Johnson HW, Robinson HF, Comstock RE (1955) Estimates of genetic and environmental variability in soybean. Agron J 47:314–318
Khan MI, Rafique M, Islam RZ, Ali A (1992) Path coefficient analysis in sunflower. J Agric Res 30:29–32
Kroonenberg PM (1995) Introduction to biplots for G × E tables. Department of Mathematics, Res. report 51. University of Queensland
Lakshmanaiah VH (1979) Genetic variability and association of morphological characters with seed yield and oil content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Mysore J Agric Sci 14:259–261
Lal GS, Bhadoriya VS, Singh AK (1997) Genetic association and path analysis in elite lines of sunflower. Crop Res Hisar 13:631–634
Lerner IM (1958) The genetic basis of selection. Wiley, New York
Makane VG, Shinde CA, Mohrir MN, Shoyab SM, Majid AMA (2011) Genetic variability studies in new versions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Bioinfolet 8:44–51
Marinkovic R, Mihaljcevic M, Joksimovic J (1992) Genetic diversity of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varietal populations assessed by cluster analysis. In: Proceedings of the 13th international sunflower conference, Pisa, Italy, vol 2, pp 1135–1140
Maruthi Sankar G, Narasimha Murthy D, Vanaja M, Raghuram Reddy P (1999) A multiple selection index for selecting sunflower genotypes using principal component analysis. Indian J Dryland Agric Res Dev 14(2):93–103
Masvodza DR, Gasura E, Zifodya N, Sibanda P, Chisikaurayi B (2015) Genetic diversity analysis of local and foreign sunflower germplasm (Helianthus annuus) for the national breeding program: Zimbabwe. J Cereals Oilseeds 6(1):1–7
Milatovic D, Nikolic D, Durovic D (2010) Variability, heritability and correlation of some factors affecting productivity in peach. Hortic Sci (Prague) 27(3):79–87
Mogali SC, Virupakshappa K (1994) Characterization and evaluation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 54:360–365
Mohammadi SA, Prasanna BM (2003) Analysis of genetic diversity in crop plants-salient statistical tools and considerations. Crop Sci 43(4):1235–1248
Moll RH, Stuber CW (1971) Comparison of response to alternative selection procedures initiated with two populations of maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Sci 11:706–711
Muppidathi N, Sankarapandian R, Rajarathinam S (1995) Genetic divergence, correlation and path analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Crop Improv 22:221–224
Panse VG (1957) Genetics of quantitative characters in relation to plant breeding. Indian J Genet Plant Breed 17(2):318–328
Panse VG, Sukhatme PV (1964) Statistical methods for agricultural workers, 2nd edn. ICAR, New Delhi
Patil BR, Rudraradhya M, Vijayakumar CHM, Basappa H, Virupakshappa K (1996) Genetic variability in sunflower. J Oilseeds Res 13:157–161
Peeters JP, Martinelli JA (1989) Hierarchical clustering analysis as a tool to manage variation in germplasm collection. Theor Appl Genet 78:42–48
Pollikondaperumal RK, Raja Sekaram S (1993) Correlation and path analysis of yield components in sunflower. Madras Agric J 80:223–226
PPV&FRA (2009) Guidelines for conduct of DUS test for distinctness, uniformity and stability on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). GOI, New Delhi
Punia MS, Gill HS (1994) Correlation and path analysis for seed yield traits in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia 17:7–11
Purwati RD, Herwati A (2016) Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) germplasm. Biodivers J Biol Div 17(2):461–465
R Core Team (2013) R: a language and environment for statistical computing (Software). http://www.r-project.org/. Accessed 26 Dec 2017
Rama Subrahmanyam SV, Sudheer Kumar S, Ranganatha ARG (2003) Genetic divergence for seed parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia 26:73–80
Ramesh M, Arunakumari J, Prashanth Y, Ranganatha ARG, Dudhe MY (2013) Population improvement for seed yield and oil content by using working germplasm in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). SABRAO J Breed Genet 45(2):291–295
Reddy AV, Devasenamma V (2004) Genetic divergence in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Oilseeds Res 21:257–259
Reddy TN, Reddy PS (1979) Studies in certain hybrids of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Indian J Hered 11:21–23
Reddy SM, Reddy TD, Dudhe MY (2012) Analysis of genetic diversity in germplasm accessions of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Madras Agric J 99:457–460
Ringnér M (2008) What is principal component analysis? Nat Biotechnol 26:303–304
Saba I, Sofi PA, Zeerak NA, Mir RR, Gull M (2017) Using augmented design for evaluation of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm. Int J Curr Microbiol Appl Sci 6(7):246–254
Sankarapandian R, Muppidathi N, Rajarathinam S, Chidambaram S (1996) Genetic divergence in sunflower. Madras Agric J 83:637–639
Senevirathne KGS, Ganesh M, Ranganatha ARG, Nagaraj G, Rukmini Devi K (2004) Population improvement for seed yield and oil content in sunflower. Helia 27:123–128
Shukla S, Bhargava A, Chatterjee A, Srivastava A, Singh SP (2006) Genotypic variability in vegetable amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor L.) for foliage yield and its contributing traits over successive cuttings and years. Euphytica 151(1):103–110
Singh RK, Chaudhary BD (1985) Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi, pp 39–78
Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy. Freeman, San Francisco
Sudrik BP, Ghodke MK, Patil VS, Chavan SK, Kesale NB (2014) Evaluation and characterisation of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) germplasm. J Crop Weed 10(1):73–76
Sujatha HL, Chikkadevaiah, Nandini R (2002) Genetic variability study in sunflower inbreds. Helia 25(37):93–100
Sutar DS, Ghodke MK, Pole SP (2010) Genetic variability and genetic advance in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Oilseeds Res 27(1):55–56
Tabrizi HZ, Sahin E, Haliloglu K (2011) Principal component analysis of some F1 sunflower hybrids at germination and early seedling growth stage. J Agric Fac Atatürk Univ 42:103–109
Tan AS, Tan A (2011) Genetic resources of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Turkey. Helia 34(55):39–46
Teklewold A, Jayaramaiah Jayaramegowda H (2000) Genetic divergence study in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Helia 23:93–104
Tersac M, Vares D, Vincourt P (1993) Combining groups in cultivated sunflower populations (Helianthus annuus L.) and their relationships with the country of origin. Theor Appl Genet 87:603–608
Ulaganathan V, Nirmalakumari A (2015) Finger millet germplasm characterization and evaluation using principal component analysis. SABRAO J Breed Genet 47:79–88
UPOV (2000) Guidelines for the conduct of test for distinctness uniformity and stability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus. L). Geneva. http://www.upov.int/edocs/tgdocs/en/tg081.pdf. Accessed 26 Dec 2017
Vanisree G, Anathasayana K, Nagabhushanam GVS, Jagadish CA (1988) Correlation and path coefficient analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). J Oilseeds Res 5:46–51
Virupakshappa K, Sindagi SS (1987) Characterization evaluation and utilization of sunflower germplasm accessions. Catalogue. Unit of the Project Coordinator (Sunflower). G.K.V.K. Bangalore, pp 2–33
Vrânceanu AV (2000) Floarea-soarelui hibrida. Editura Ceres, Bucharest
Williams WT (1976) Pattern analysis in agricultural science. Elsevier, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dudhe, M.Y., Mulpuri, S., Meena, H.P. et al. Genetic Variability, Diversity and Identification of Trait-Specific Accessions from the Conserved Sunflower Germplasm for Exploitation in the Breeding Programme. Agric Res 9, 9–22 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00406-w
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00406-w