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Dietary Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Lysine and Choline Improves Lactation Performance and Blood Metabolic Profile of Karan-Fries Cows

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Abstract

Twenty seven crossbred (Karan-Fries) cows between second and fourth lactation with most probable production ability of around 4500 kg milk were divided into three similar groups. Animals in the Control group were offered with a basal diet consisting of threshed wheat straw, chopped green maize forage and compounded concentrate mixture as per their requirements. In addition to basal diet, animals in second group (rpMetLys) were fed with 5 g of rumen-protected methionine and 20 g of rumen-protected lysine, and in third group (rpCholine), 54 g of rumen-protected choline was supplemented 40 days before and 120 days after calving. Results revealed higher (P < 0.01) intake of various nutrients along with better body condition score in rpMetLys group. Furthermore, milk yield and milk component (fat, protein and lactose) yield were higher (P < 0.01) in both the treatment groups with higher (P < 0.01) milk choline concentration in rpCholine group. Monounsaturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids in milk tended to be higher (P < 0.05) in rpCholine group. Plasma metabolites like glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, cholesterol and plasma urea nitrogen were similar among all groups. Concentration of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins was lower (P < 0.01) in rpMetLys and rpCholine than Control group. However, phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E levels were higher (P < 0.01) in rpCholine than other two groups. Methionine levels were higher (P < 0.01) in rpMetLys and rpCholine groups, whereas lysine was increased (P < 0.01) only in the former. Moreover, days open (service period) was decreased (P < 0.01) in animals belonging to rpCholine group. It was concluded from the present study that supplementation of rpMetLys and rpCholine to high-yielding crossbred cows was beneficial in terms of improving milk yield, composition as well as metabolic health status during early lactation period under Indian situation.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Amino acids

ADF:

Acid detergent fibre

BCS:

Body condition score

DMI:

Dry matter intake

ED:

Effective degradability

EE:

Ether extract

FCM:

Fat-corrected milk

FID:

Flame-ionisation detector

MCP:

Microbial crude protein

ME:

Metabolisable energy

MP:

Metabolisable protein

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acids

MUN:

Milk urea nitrogen

NDF:

Neutral detergent fibre

NEFA:

Non-esterified fatty acids

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

PUN:

Plasma urea nitrogen

RDP:

Rumen degradable protein

rpCholine:

Rumen-protected choline

rpLys:

Rumen-protected lysine

rpMet:

Rumen-protected methionine

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

UDP:

Undegradable dietary protein

UFA:

Unsaturated fatty acids

VLDL:

Very low density lipoproteins

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Acknowledgments

Authors thankfully acknowledge the Director, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal for rendering necessary research facilities to complete this study.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

      S. A. Amrutkar, S. P. Pawar, S. S. Thakur, Neelam J. Kewalramani & M. S. Mahesh

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    1. S. A. Amrutkar
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    2. S. P. Pawar
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    3. S. S. Thakur
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    Correspondence to M. S. Mahesh.

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    S. A. Amrutkar and S. P. Pawar have contributed equally to this work.

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    Amrutkar, S.A., Pawar, S.P., Thakur, S.S. et al. Dietary Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Methionine, Lysine and Choline Improves Lactation Performance and Blood Metabolic Profile of Karan-Fries Cows. Agric Res 4, 396–404 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-015-0178-2

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