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Molekulares Design von Nanobodies als Werkzeuge in der Allergologie: Diagnostik und mehr

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Molekulare Technologien haben in vielerlei Hinsicht den Weg zu einem besseren Verständnis allergischer Erkrankungen geebnet, angefangen bei rekombinanten Allergenen bis hin zu maßgeschneiderten Werkzeugen für analytische, diagnostische und therapeutische Zwecke. Die Entwicklung solcher Moleküle ist inzwischen ein fester Bestandteil vieler biotechnologischer und biomedizinischer Bereiche. Ein nicht mehr ganz neues Konzept ist das der sogenannten Nanobodies, Einzeldomänen-Antikörper, die ihren primären Ursprung in Kamelen haben. Trotz ihres Potenzials hat der Einzug der Nanobody-Technologien in die Allergologie vergleichsweise lange gedauert.

Methoden: In dieser Übersicht werden der aktuelle Stand und die Machbarkeit der Entwicklung von Nanobody-basierten Werkzeugen für Anwendungen in der Allergologie zusammengefasst.

Ergebnisse: In den letzten Jahren wurden zunehmend Nanobodies mit Spezifität für Allergene entwickelt. Parallel dazu hat ihre molekulare Evolution die Erzeugung von unterschiedlichen Nanobody-Formaten ermöglicht, die gegenüber herkömmlichen Antikörpern deutliche Vorteile bieten. Auf dieser Grundlage wurden unterschiedliche Anwendungsformen von Nanobody-basierten Molekülen etabliert und in Machbarkeitsstudien vorgestellt.

Diskussion: Aktuelle Studien geben einen ersten Einblick in die zukünftigen Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Nanobody-Technologien in einem komplexen System wie dem der allergischen Erkrankungen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass die Einfachheit dieser Ansätze im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Antikörper-Technologien den Anwendungsbereich in der Allergologie sowohl erweitern als auch vertiefen wird.

Zitierweise: Aagaard JB, Ballegaard A-SR, Andersen PO, Spillner E. Molecular engineering of nanobodies as tools in allergology: diagnostics and beyond. Allergo J Int 2023;32:240-50

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00261-w

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  1. Immunological Biotechnology, Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Dänemark

    Josephine Baunvig Aagaard, Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard & Edzard Spillner

  2. Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Dänemark

    Pernille Ommen Andersen

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  1. Josephine Baunvig Aagaard
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  2. Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard
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Correspondence to Edzard Spillner.

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J. Baunvig Aagaard, A.-S. Ravn Ballegaard, P. Ommen Andersen und E. Spillner geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

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Aagaard, J., Ballegaard, AS., Andersen, P. et al. Molekulares Design von Nanobodies als Werkzeuge in der Allergologie: Diagnostik und mehr. Allergo J 32, 29–40 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-023-5829-1

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