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Bewertung der Relevanz allergener Pollen in Innenräumen - aktueller Wissensstand und Forschungsbedarf

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Zusammenfassung

Luftgetragene allergene Pollen sind ein relevanter Bestandteil von Bioaerosolen und damit von luftgetragenen Partikeln. Sie gelten als wichtige Messgröße bei der Beurteilung der Luftqualität. Obwohl die Messung der Konzentration von allergenen Pollen in der Außenluft (insbesondere in städtischen Gebieten) als wichtiger Indikator für die Umweltgesundheit anerkannt ist, besteht für Innenräume (Wohnungen oder Arbeitsumgebungen) keine solche Verpflichtung. Allerdings verbringen Menschen den Großteil ihrer Zeit (80−90 %) in Innenräumen, wo sie dem größten Anteil der Luftschadstoffexposition, einschließlich der Pollenexposition, ausgesetzt sind.

Dennoch unterscheidet sich die relative Bedeutung der Exposition gegenüber allergenen Pollen in Innenraumluft von der Exposition in Außenluft aufgrund unterschiedlicher Pollenbelastungen, Pollenquellen, Pollenverbreitung sowie unterschiedlichem Pollendurchdringungsgrad von außen nach innen und aufgrund der Unterschiede in den allergenen Pollenprofilen. In diesem Kurz-Review wurde die wissenschaftliche Literatur der letzten zehn Jahre gesichtet, um zusammenzufassen, was die vorliegenden Messdaten über die Relevanz luftgetragener allergener Pollen in Innenräumen aussagen.

Die Forschungsprioritäten zu diesem Thema werden vorgestellt und die Herausforderungen sowie Beweggründe für die Erhebung von Pollendaten in der bebauten Umwelt hervorgehoben, die für das Verständnis des Ausmaßes und der Mechanismen der menschlichen Exposition gegenüber allergenen Pollen in der Luft von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Somit bieten wir eine umfassende Beurteilung der Relevanz luftgetragener allergener Pollen in Innenräumen und heben Wissenslücken sowie die damit verbundenen Forschungsbedarfe im Zusammenhang mit den Gesundheitsauswirkungen hervor.

Zitierweise: Nehr S, Duarte RMBO, Almeida AS, Baus L, Bergmann K-C. Assessing the relevance of allergenic pollen in indoor environments - current knowledge base and research needs. Allergo J Int 2023;32:167-75

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00251-y

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Danksagung

Dank gilt der European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) für die Bereitstellung einer Netzwerkplattform im Rahmen des COST Action INDoor AIR POLLution NETwork (INDAIRPOLLNET, CA17136). FCT/MCTES gilt Dank für die finanzielle Unterstützung des CESAM - Zentrums für Umwelt- und Meeresstudien (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020+LA/P/0094/2020) durch nationale Mittel sowie für eine Promotionsförderung (Antoine S. Almeida − 2020.05804.BD) aus nationalen Mitteln und dem europäischen Sozialfonds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Europäische Fachhochschule, Brühl, Kaiserstraße 6, 50321, Brühl, Germany

    Sascha Nehr

  2. Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    Regina M. B. O. Duarte & Antoine S. Almeida

  3. CBS International Business School,, Brühl, Germany

    Lukas Baus

  4. Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Allergie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Karl-Christian Bergmann

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  1. Sascha Nehr
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  2. Regina M. B. O. Duarte
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  3. Antoine S. Almeida
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  4. Lukas Baus
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Konzeptualisierung, Methodik, Textverfassung: S. Nehr, R. M. B. O. Duarte, A. S. Almeida, L. Baus und K.-C. Bergmann. Alle Autoren haben die veröffentlichte Version des Manuskripts gelesen und ihr zugestimmt.

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Nehr, S., Duarte, R., Almeida, A. et al. Bewertung der Relevanz allergener Pollen in Innenräumen - aktueller Wissensstand und Forschungsbedarf. Allergo J 32, 40–49 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-023-5790-z

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