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Wie uns die neuen Diagnoseverfahren helfen, Haustierallergien richtig zuzuordnen

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Zusammenfassung

Simultane Sensibilisierungen gegen zwei oder mehrere Tierarten sind häufig und stellen bei konventioneller Diagnostik mit Extrakten ein regelmäßiges diagnostisches Problem dar. Die molekulare Allergiediagnostik legt die Ursache von Mehrfachsensibilisierungen offen und ermöglicht die Unterscheidung zwischen Primärsensibilisierung und Kreuzreaktion als Voraussetzung für die korrekte Impfstoffwahl bei Immuntherapien. Individuelle Sensibilisierungsmuster können wertvolle Prädiktoren für klinische Relevanz, Schweregrad und Asthmarisiko sein und reflektieren teilweise aktuelle oder frühere Tierexposition. Das Leitallergen-Prinzip ist bei Haustierallergien problematisch, weil viele Tierallergene Panallergene sind und eindeutige gruppenspezifische Markerallergene nur begrenzt definierbar sind. Alternativ müssen zur Identifizierung der Primärquelle oft quantitative Aspekte herangezogen werden. Für Katze und Hund stehen mittlerweile ausreichend Einzelallergene für die Analyse der häufigen Katze-Hund-Doppelsensibilisierungen zur Verfügung. Bei Klein- und Nutztieren bestehen noch erhebliche Lücken beziehungsweise sind Allergene nur für die Multiplextestung verfügbar. Als besonders artenreiche und heterogene Allergenfamilie haben sich rezent die Lipocaline erwiesen, die wichtige Haupt- und Nebenallergene in praktisch allen felltragenden Tiergruppen repräsentieren und untereinander komplexe Kreuzreaktionsmuster aufweisen.

Zitierweise: Hemmer W. How molecular diagnostics help us to correctly identify pet allergies. Allergo J Int 2023;32:123-9

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00255-8

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  1. FAZ - Floridsdorfer Allergiezentrum, Pius-Parsch-Platz 1/3, 1210, Wien, Österreich

    Wolfgang Hemmer

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  1. Wolfgang Hemmer
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Correspondence to Wolfgang Hemmer.

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Hemmer, W. Wie uns die neuen Diagnoseverfahren helfen, Haustierallergien richtig zuzuordnen. Allergo J 32, 27–33 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-023-5767-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-023-5767-y

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