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Allergie gegen die Katze: von Diagnosegespräch zu Management

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: In der allergologischen Praxis ist effiziente Beratung von Katzenbesitzerinnen und Katzenbesitzern oft frustran, weil das Thema Allergenkarenz oft ein "No-Go" ist und es zur Allergen-Immuntherapie (AIT) nur wenige Studien gibt, welche deren Effizienz belegen. Was den Patient*innen in der Allergiesprechstunde letztlich zumeist angeboten wird, sind Allergenreduktionsmaßnahmen und eine symptomatische Therapie.

Resultate: Sensibilisierung gegen das Katzen-Hauptallergen Fel d 1 tritt häufiger bei bestehender Atopie auf und ist dann ein Risiko für allergische Rhinitis und Asthma. Geltende Leitlinien sind daher zurückhaltend in Bezug auf eine Neuanschaffung einer Katze in den ersten Lebensmonaten in atopischen Familien. Sensibilisierung tritt in vielen Fällen aber auch ohne Kontakt zu einer eigenen Katze auf. Umgekehrt wurde bei erwachsenen Patient*innen beobachtet, dass bei hoher Fel d 1-Exposition auch immunologische Toleranz durch Induktion von spezifischem IgG4 entstehen kann. Dass viele Katzenallergiker ihre Tiere trotz Diagnose behalten, ist auch dem psychologischen Phänomen des "Coping" geschuldet.

Schlussfolgerung: In diesem Review präsentieren wir aktuelle Literatur und Fakten, die Ihren Patient*innen den Alltag erleichtern sollen, auch ohne auf das Tier zu verzichten. Zudem reviewen wir bewährte Methoden zum Management einer Katzenallergie und stellen neue Managementoptionen und Konzepte aus der Entwicklungs-Pipeline vor, auf die unsere Patient*innen bereits sehnlich warten.

Zitierweise: Jensen-Jarolim E, Jensen SA, Bergmann KC. Allergy to the cat - from diagnosis to management. Allergo J Int 2023;32:130-7

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40629-023-00254-9

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Danksagung

Die Autor*innen danken Herrn Dr. Bruno Robibaro, Rudolfinerhaus, Wien, für die Beratung in Bezug auf Katzenasthma-Therapie.

Funding

Der Artikel wurde mit freundlicher Unterstützung durch Biomedical International R+D GmbH, Wien, Austria, sowie durch den Danube Allergy Research Cluster (DARC) Projekt #08, Karl Landsteiner Universität Krems, Austria, erstellt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Pathophysiologie AKH Wien, Ebene 3 Q, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    Erika Jensen-Jarolim

  2. Allergiediagnosezentrum, Privatklinik Döbling, Wien, Österreich

    Sebastian Alexander Jensen

  3. Klinik für Dermatologie, Allergologie und Allergie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Karl-Christian Bergmann

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  1. Erika Jensen-Jarolim
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  2. Sebastian Alexander Jensen
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Correspondence to Erika Jensen-Jarolim.

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K.-C. Bergmann und S. A. Jensen geben an, dass keine Interessenkonflikte bestehen. K.-C. Bergmann ist Mitglied in Advisory boards für/und erhält Vortragshonorare von GSK, Astrazeneca, Novartis, Sanofi und Leti.

E. Jensen-Jarolim ist Gesellschafterin in Biomedical International R+D GmbH, Wien, und Co-Erfinderin am Patent EP 2894478 A1 "Method and means for diagnosing and treating allergy" der Biomedical Int. R+D GmbH. Sie hat Beratertätigkeit für Bencard Allergie und Allergy Therapeutics und erhält Vortragshonorare von Bencard Allergie, Germania Pharmaceutics, Meda, Menarini, Novartis, Santen und Sanofi.

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Jensen-Jarolim, E., Jensen, S. & Bergmann, KC. Allergie gegen die Katze: von Diagnosegespräch zu Management. Allergo J 32, 34–41 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15007-023-5766-z

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