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Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 beeinflusst das darmassoziierte Immunsystem

Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 influences the gut-associated immune system

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MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das Bewusstsein für die Bedeutung des Darmmikrobioms im Hinblick auf die Immunfunktion und die Abwehr von Krankheitserregern nimmt immer mehr zu. Die Arzneihefe Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) wird bereits seit mehr als 50 Jahren als Probiotikum zur Prävention und Behandlung der infektiösen Diarrhö eingesetzt. Metaanalysen bestätigen die klinische Wirksamkeit von S. boulardii bei akuten Diarrhöen unterschiedlicher Genese bei Kindern und Erwachsenen.

Methode

In der Übersichtsarbeit werden experimentelle Studien zu den molekularen und immunologischen Mechanismen zusammengefasst, die der klinisch nachgewiesenen Wirksamkeit von S. boulardii zugrunde liegen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf dem darmassoziierten Immunsystem.

Ergebnisse

S. boulardii stimuliert die Freisetzung von Immunglobulinen und Zytokinen und induziert auch die Reifung von Immunzellen, was somit nahe legt, dass die Arzneihefe zu einer allgemeinen unspezifischen Aktivierung des Immunsystems führt. Im Fall einer vorliegenden Infektion ist S. boulardii in der Lage, pathogene Bakterien zu binden und deren Toxine zu neutralisieren. Darüber hinaus greift S. boulardii in die infektionsinduzierte Signalkaskade ein und kann, indem sie das angeborene wie auch das adaptive Immunsystem beeinflusst, die überschießende Entzündungsreaktion abschwächen. Dank dieser Mechanismen nimmt das Adhäsionspotential der Pathogene ab, wodurch die intestinale Epithelschicht geschützt wird und sich der diarrhöbedingte Flüssigkeitsverlust reduziert.

Schlussfolgerung

Die unterschiedlichen molekularen und immunologischen Mechanismen, welche in den experimentellen Studien untersucht wurden, untermauern die bereits nachgewiesene sehr gute klinische Wirksamkeit von S. boulardii bei infektiösen Diarrhöen, hervorgerufen durch Pathogene, wie Bakterien, Viren und Pilze.

Abstract

Background

The impact of the intestinal microbiome is increasing steadily with regard to the immune function und the defense against pathogens. The medicinal yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) has been used as probiotic for the prevention and treatment of infectious diarrhea since more than 50 years. Meta-analyses confirm the clinical efficacy of S. boulardii to treat diarrhea of various origins in children and adults.

Method

This review article summarizes experimental studies on molecular and immunological mechanisms which explain the proven clinical efficacy of S. boulardii. Thereby the focus is on the gut-associated immune system.

Results

S. boulardii stimulates the release of immunoglobulins and cytokines and also induces the maturation of immune cells. This suggests that S. boulardii is capable of activating the unspecific immune system. In case of an infection, S. boulardii is able to bind pathogenic bacteria and to neutralize their toxins. Moreover, the medicinal yeast can attenuate the overreacting inflammatory immune response, by interfering with the signaling cascade, which is induced by the infection, and that way influences the innate and adaptive immune system. Thanks to these mechanisms the pathogens’ potential of adhesion is lessened. Thus the intestinal epithelial layer is protected and diarrhea-induced fluid loss is reduced.

Conclusion

The different molecular and immunological mechanisms investigated in the experimental studies prove the already confirmed very good clinical efficacy of S. boulardii in infectious diarrhea caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

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Abbreviations

CCL2:

CC-Chemokinligand 2

CCR7:

CC-Chemokinrezeptor Typ 7

CXCL-8:

CXC-Motiv-Chemokin 8

EHEC:

enterohämorrhagische E. coli

EPEC:

enteropathogene E. coli

ETEC:

enterotoxische E. coli

Erk1/2:

extrazelluläre Signalregulierte Kinase

GM-CSF:

Granulozyten-Monozyten-Kolonie-stimulierender Faktor

IL:

Interleukin

JNK:

Jun-N-terminale Kinasen

MAPK:

Mitogen-aktivierte Proteinkinase

MLC:

Myosin-leichte-Kette

MLC-P:

Myosin-leichte-Ketten-Phosphatase

NF-κB:

nukleärer Faktor Kappa-B

p38:

p38-mitogenaktivierte Proteinkinasen

Rac1:

Ras-ähnliches C3 Botulinumtoxin Substrat 1

TNF-α:

Tumornekrosefaktor α

Tox:

Toxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. analyze & realize GmbH, Waldseeweg 6, 13467, Berlin, Deutschland

    Heike Stier

  2. Institut für Ernährungsmedizin, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Deutschland

    Stephan C. Bischoff

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  1. Heike Stier
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  2. Stephan C. Bischoff
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Correspondence to Heike Stier.

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This article is part of a supplement not sponsored by the industry.

Interessenkonflikt

Die Arbeit von Dr. Heike Stier wurde unterstützt von der MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Iserlohn. Prof. Dr. Stephan C. Bischoff erhielt keinerlei finanzielle Unterstützung.

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Stier, H., Bischoff, S.C. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 beeinflusst das darmassoziierte Immunsystem. MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 159 (Suppl 5), 1–6 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-017-9802-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s15006-017-9802-3

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