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Investigation of the effect of salty water temperature of basins on freshwater production rate in hemispherical solar water desalination still with two basins

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Abstract

In the present study, for the first time, the production rate of freshwater by hemispherical solar desalination still with two salty water basins is investigated. For this purpose, two-dimensional modeling of solar desalination is performed, and the effects of different and independent temperatures for salty water basins on evaporation rate and average Nusselt number are evaluated. The governing equations are discretized numerically based on the finite volume method. Also, the SIMPLE algorithm is used to coupling between velocity and pressure fields. To simulate the evaporation and distillation phenomena, the species transport equation is considered, by considering the two species of dry air and water vapor. The results show that increasing the salty water temperature of the basins significantly increases the evaporation rate. Increasing the water temperature of one salty water basin, as long as the temperature of the other basin remains unchanged, affects the evaporation rate of the basin whose temperature remains constant. Unlike existing geometric symmetry, the flow behavior within the device is asymmetric. The maximum amount of evaporation rate is generated by case 10, which has the highest salty water temperature and the highest possible temperature gradient.

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Abbreviations

C :

Vapor concentration of air (kg m−3)

\(C_{P}\) :

Specific heat (J kg−1 K−1)

\(D_{AB}\) :

Mass diffusivity of vapor (m2 s−1)

g :

Gravity constant (m2 s−1)

H 1 :

Height of solar still (cm)

H 2 :

Height of baffles (cm)

H 3 :

Second radius of dome-shaped glass cover (cm)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W m−1 K−1)

\(\dot{m}_{Eva}\) :

Evaporation rate (kg m−2 h−1)

Nu :

Nusselt number (–)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\(q^{\prime\prime}\) :

Heat flux (W m−2)

\(R_{air}\) :

Global gas constant for the air (J kg−1 K−1)

t :

The thickness of the baffles (cm)

T :

Temperature (℃ or K)

\(T_{B,1}\) :

The temperature of salty water in basin 1 (℃ or K)

\(T_{B,2}\) :

The temperature of salty water in basin 2 (℃ or K)

\(T_{g}\) :

The temperature of glass (℃ or K)

\(u\) :

X-component of velocity (m2 s−1)

\(v\) :

Y-component of velocity (m2 s−1)

\(W_{1}\) :

Width of the store basin (cm)

\(W_{2}\) :

Width of the salty water basin (cm)

x :

X-direction in Cartesian coordinate (m)

y :

Y-direction in Cartesian coordinate (m)

Y :

Mass concentration (–)

α:

Thermal diffusivity (m2 s−1)

β:

Volume expansion coefficient (K−1)

\(\beta^{*}\) :

Species expansion coefficient (m3 kg−1)

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (kg m−1 s−1)

\(\rho\) :

Density (kg m−3)

\(\varphi\) :

Relative humidity (–)

ave:

Average value

B :

Basin

Eva:

Evaporation

mix:

Humid air mixture

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nanofluid Advanced Research Team, Tehran, Iran

    M. Hemmat Esfe

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khomeinishahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomeinishahr, Iran

    D. Toghraie

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  1. M. Hemmat Esfe
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  2. D. Toghraie
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Correspondence to D. Toghraie.

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Editorial responsibility: S. Rangabhashiyam

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Hemmat Esfe, M., Toghraie, D. Investigation of the effect of salty water temperature of basins on freshwater production rate in hemispherical solar water desalination still with two basins. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05643-3

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