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Novel Fe3O4-modified biochar generated from rice husk: a sustainable strategy for strengthening lead absorption in wastewater

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Abstract

Water contamination currently threatens human health, which is still a major environmental issue. Scientists are paying attention, in particular, to lead poisoning of water caused by industrial wastes on a global scale. In order to reduce agricultural waste and promote sustainable development, this study created a straightforward process for using leftover rice husks to create biochar. At first, the rice husk biochar was prepared; then, following the immersion of biochar with precursors of Fe2+ and Fe3+ and precipitation under alkaline condition, the Fe3O4 was formed and laid onto biochar to create another magnetic adsorbent known as ferrous-modified biochar. The success of loading Fe3O4 was confirmed by SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET measurements. The delivered ferrous-modified biochar has a high surface area and correct functional groups for the adsorption process. In order to remove Pb (II) from wastewater, rice husk biochar and ferrous-modified biochar materials were used. Under optimized conditions, synthesized ferrous-modified biochar has a lead adsorbent effectiveness of 95.0% that is related to varying pathways as co-precipitation reaction, complexation reaction, conjugation adsorption, ion exchange, and Fe–O coordination. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of modified biochar is three times greater than rice husk biochar with 73.68 mg/g. Another evidence of the ferrous-modified biochar adsorbent’s excellent recyclable properties is the remaining lead efficiency, which was over 41.2% even after six recycling cycles. Therefore, by this approach of synthesizing Fe3O4 loaded on biochar, the research provided new opportunities for developing low-cost and highly efficient adsorbent to remove heavy metals from water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Advanced Technology and Engineering, VNU Vietnam Japan University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    T. T. V. Ha & V. T. Quan

  2. Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Hanoi, Vietnam

    N. M. Viet

  3. Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuyloi University, Hanoi, Vietnam

    N. T. L. Huong

Authors
  1. T. T. V. Ha
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  2. N. M. Viet
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  3. V. T. Quan
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  4. N. T. L. Huong
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Contributions

TTVH contributed to conceptualization, methodology, validation, writing draft, and writing—review and editing. NMV contributed to methodology, investigation, writing draft, supervision, and writing draft. VTQ and NTLH contributed to experiment conduction and sample analysis.

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Correspondence to T. T. V. Ha.

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The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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Editorial responsibility: T. Y. Wu.

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Ha, T.T.V., Viet, N.M., Quan, V.T. et al. Novel Fe3O4-modified biochar generated from rice husk: a sustainable strategy for strengthening lead absorption in wastewater. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05626-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-024-05626-4

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